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Amang besi
Amang besi (Shorea kunstleri)

Family: Dipterocarpaceae

Common names: Amang besi, Ampereng, Angeh, Bakiring, Balau laut merah, Balau merah, Bangkirai tigu, Belau merah, Benoa, Benua, Benua babi, Benuas, Benuas lebar duan, Damar latu merah, Damar laut merah, Dumar dahirang, Empatah tanduk, Guijo, Jagaan, Jagan, Jingaan, Lalin, Mahadirang, Mahasulit, Malalung, Mempelam, Meranti abang, Meranti paang, Meranti pahang, Pangen, Pengitan, Red balau, Red meranti, Red selangan, Red selangan batu, Rentuing, Selangan merah, Selimbar, Seraya, Seraya kitan, Seraya sirap, Sering lemidin, Tengkawang batu, Tengkawang bukit, Terbak, Tuyang

Distributed in: Brunei, Malaysia (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Common uses: Boat building (general), Boat building: framing, Flooring, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Marine construction, Millwork, Mine timbers, Posts, Railroad ties, Vehicle parts

Environment profile: Abundant/Secure

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm

Colors: the heart isRed, Reddish brownand the sapwoodRed, White to yellow.The grain isInterlocked, the textureCoarseand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Moderately durable, Very durable

Odor: Has an odor

Kiln Schedules: Dry at a slow speed

Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Slight twist/warp

Ease of Drying: Reconditioning Treatement

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on sawing green wood is severe

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Carving: Fair to Good Results

Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw

Gluing: Fair to Good Results

Mortising: Very Good to Excellent

Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: Fair to Good , Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Planing: Planes well, to a good finish

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Response to hand tools: Responds Readily

Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Sanding: Fair to Good Results

Steam bending: Tends to Degrade

Screwing: Fair to Good Results, Fairly Easy to Very Easy; Turning: Good results

Polishing: Surface Preparation; Staining: Surface Preparation;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 785 kg/m3
Bending Strength 804 1248 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 415 616 kg/cm2
Hardness 901 kg
Impact Strength 104 cm
Shearing Strength 108 kg/cm2
Stiffness 150 174 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 769 689 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 11442 17761 psi
Density 49 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1987 lbs
Impact Strength 41 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 5905 8762 psi
Shearing Strength 1544 psi
Stiffness 2136 2475 1000 psi
Weight 48 43 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %

Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft 1
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu.ft
Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Max. crushing strength = high
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = high
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high
Max. crushing strength = medium
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Hardness (side grain) = hard
Bending strength (MOR) = medium

Ashton, P.S.,1964,A manual of the Dipterocarp trees of Brunei State,O.U.P. LondonBrowne, F.G.,1955,Forest Trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their Products.,Government Printing Office, Kuching, SarawakBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 4 South East Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBurgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15Fundter, J.M.,1982,Names for Dipterocarp timbers and trees from Asia,Pudoc, Wageningen, NetherlandsI. Soerianegara and R.H.M.J. Lemmens (Editors,1993,Plant Resources of South-East Asia 5,(PROSEA, 1,Timber trees: Major commercial timbers,Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen 1993Lee, Y.H., et al,1974,Commercial Timbers of Peninsular Malaysia,Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Forestry Peninsular Malaysia and,Malaysian Timber Industry BoardLee, Y.H., Lopez, D.T.,1968,The Machining Properties of some Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,3,pp194-210Meijer, W., Wood, G.H.S.,1964,Dipterocarps of Sabah (North Borneo,Sabah Forest Department, Forest Record No.5Sweet, C.V.,1922,Further experiments in the air-seasoning of Indian timbers and general,recommendations as to seasoning methods.,Indian Forest Records IX part V, Delhi, IndiaSymington, C.F.,1943,Foresters manual of Dipterocarps,Malaysia Forest Record,No.16Thomas, A.V.,1935,Timber tests: Nemesy (Shorea pauciflora) and Damar laut merah (Shorea,kunstleri,Malayan Forester 4(1) pp30-6
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