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Aswakarna (Shorea robusta)
Family: Dipterocarpaceae Common names: Aswakarna, Bolsal, Borsal, Damar de l'Inde, Dammer, Dieng blei, Gugal, Guggilam, Guggilapu, Gugilam, Hal, Halarong, Jargi, Kandar, Korah, Koroh, Kucha pucca, Kungiliyam, Mulappumarutu, Pinjal, Pirjal, Rinjal, Sakher, Sakhu, Sakwa, Sal, Sal tree, Sala, Saluva, Salwa, Sarai, Sarei, Sargi, Sarja kamu, Sarjom, Sarjum, Sekwa, Shal, Soringhi, Takral, Teturl, Thamba Distributed in: Bangladesh, Burma, India, Nepal (Oceania and S.E. Asia) Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Millwork, Mine timbers, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Tool handles, Vats, Vehicle parts Tree size: Tree height is 20-30 m
Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Whiteand the sapwoodWell defined, White to yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMediumand the lusterDull
Natural durability: Moderately durable, Very durable Kiln Schedules: UK=G US=T8B3/T5B1 Kiln Drying Rate: Kiln drying rate (green to 12% mc) is rather slow, typically from 18-28 days for a board under 32 mm, to 52-84 days for a board 63 mm and thicker.
Drying Defects: Moderate twist/warp, Severe end splitting Ease of Drying: Difficult
Cutting Resistance: Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Hardness (side grain) = hard Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = high Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Max. crushing strength = high Hardness (side grain) = medium Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shearing strength (parallel to grain)=very high Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Bending strength (MOR) = low Browne, F.G.,1955,Forest Trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their Products.,Government Printing Office, Kuching, SarawakChaturvedi, A.N.,1975,Crown width, stem diameter and tree height in Sal (Shorea robusta,Indian Forester 101(7) pp396-8Chowdhury, K.A., Ghosh, S.S.,1958,Indian Woods: Their identification, properties and uses Vol. I,Dilleruaceae to Elaeocarpaceae,Manager of Publications, Delhi, IndiaClifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonFranco, E.J. Sampaio,1965,Sur l'Aptitude de quelques Bois Africains a l'Emploi dans les Travaux,Maritimes et la Construction Navale. (The suitability of some African,timbers for use in maritime structures and ship building.,Min. Das Obras Publicas, Lab.Nac. de Engenharia Civil Lisbon,,Memoria.,No.243 pp19Fundter, J.M.,1982,Names for Dipterocarp timbers and trees from Asia,Pudoc, Wageningen, NetherlandsGamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. LondonGupta, M.K.,1966,Rayon grade pulp from Indian hardwoods part II processing of Kydia,calycina (pula,Indian Pulp and Paper 20(6) pp403-6Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Limaye, V.D.,1933,The Physical and Mechanical Properties of woods grown in India (Third,Interim Report on Project 1,Indian Forest Records,18(10,pp1-70Negi, G.S., Bhatia, D.N.,1958,Physical and Mechanical Properties of Woods tested at F.R.I. Report No.10,Indian Forest Records (N.S.) Timber Mechanics,1(11,pp171-18Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 volsRamesh, Rao K., Juneja, K.B.S.,1971,Field Identification of Fifty Important timbers of India,Dehra Dun IndiaRawat, B.S., Rawat, N.S.,1960,Physical and Mechanical properties of woods tested at the Forest Research,Institute, Dehra Dun Report XI,Indian Forestry Records (NS) Timber Mechanics 1(12)Rehman, M.A.,1941,Experiments on the air-seasoning and notes on the passing of sal sleepers,Indian Forest Bulletin. Utilization (N.S.) 97Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonSekhar, A.C., Rajput, S.S.,1968,Physical and mechanical properties of sal (Shorea robusta) from fourteen,diffrent localities in India,Indian Forester 94(2) pp175-85Sekhar, A.C.,1967,Some Indian Timbers Equivalent to Foreign Timbers,Van Vigyan 5(1&2,pp18-24Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition |
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