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Burma sal
Burma sal (Shorea siamensis)

Family: Dipterocarpaceae

Common names: Burma sal, Burmese sal, Ca chac xanh, Ca dei, Cam lien, Cay ca chac, Cay cachac, Ceuri, Dam rang, Dom chhoeu reang phnomi, Eng yin, Eng-yin, Hang, Ingyin, Kres, Lak pao, Le-bong, Le-tho, Mai rang, Mai-pao, Mai-pau, Pao, Phnom rang phong, Rang, Rang khao, Reang, Reang phnom, Sal, Temak batu, Teng rang, Teng-rang, Wak, Wakbau

Distributed in: Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building: framing, Bridge construction, Furniture, Heavy construction, Light construction, Mine timbers, Piling, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Vehicle parts

Tree size: Tree height is 10-20 m

Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterDull

Natural durability: Very durable, Very durable

Kiln Schedules: Dry at a slow speed

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly

Drying Defects: Moderate surface checking, Slight surface checking

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is buttressed

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: High to severe

Boring: Fairly difficult to very difficult

Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult, Pre-Boring Recommended

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Response to hand tools: Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work

Sanding: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Polishing: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 785 kg/m3
Bending Strength 890 1346 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 415 616 kg/cm2
Hardness 1121 kg
Impact Strength 86 cm
Shearing Strength 177 kg/cm2
Stiffness 122 141 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 769 689 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 12665 19146 psi
Density 49 lbs/ft3
Hardness 2473 lbs
Impact Strength 34 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 5905 8762 psi
Shearing Strength 2531 psi
Stiffness 1748 2018 1000 psi
Weight 48 43 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %

Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Max. crushing strength = high
Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu.ft
Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Hardness (side grain) = hard
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Max. crushing strength = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low
Shearing strength (parallel to grain)=very high
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high
Hardness (side grain) = very hard
Bending strength (MOR) = very high

Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 3 Southern Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChowdhury, K.A., Ghosh, S.S.,1958,Indian Woods: Their identification, properties and uses Vol. I,Dilleruaceae to Elaeocarpaceae,Manager of Publications, Delhi, IndiaDesch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15Fundter, J.M.,1982,Names for Dipterocarp timbers and trees from Asia,Pudoc, Wageningen, NetherlandsGamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. LondonHoward, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.I. Soerianegara and R.H.M.J. Lemmens (Editors,1993,Plant Resources of South-East Asia 5,(PROSEA, 1,Timber trees: Major commercial timbers,Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen 1993Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A.Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 volsSallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSmitinand, T., Et al,1980,A Manual of Diplerocarpaceae of Mainland South-East Asia,Forest Department, ThailandSono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand.
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