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Simarouba (Simarouba amara)
Family: Simaroubaceae Common names: Acajou Blanc, Accituno, Aceituno, Adonichi, Adoonsidero, Aku, Aruba, Assoumaripa, Bitter ash, Bitterash, Bitteresche, Bitterwood, Bois blanc, Bois de cayan, Brazilian white pine, Caixeta, Cedro Amargo, Cedro Blanco, Chiriuana, Cuna, Guitarro, Malacacheta, Marouba, Maruba, Marupa, Marupauba, Megrito, Mountain damson, Negrito, Olivo, Pao pomba, Paradise tree, Parahyba, Paraiba, Pasa-ak, Pau parahyba, Pitomba, Roba, Shirima, Simarouba, Simarruba, Simaruba, Simarupa, Simere, Soemaroeba, Soemaroepa, Stavewood, Tamanqueira, Walkara, Xpasak, Yaku Distributed in: Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Columbia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: The genus Simarouba consists of shrubs and small, medium-sized, or large trees that are widely distributed in tropical America. Their growth range extends through northern South America from Venezuela and the Guianas to the Amazon region of Brazil, as well as Trinidad and Tobago. S. amara grow principally in the Guianas and the Amazon region in Brazil. Common uses: Blockboard, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Cooperages, Core Stock, Cutting surfaces, Decorative plywood, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Matchboxes, Matches, Mathematical instruments, Millwork, Moldings, Musical instruments, Musical instruments: piano, Office furniture, Packing cases, Particleboard, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Shingles, Stools, Tables , Toys, Trimming, Turnery, Utility furniture, Veneer, Wainscotting, Wardrobes Product sources: The ITTO reports that timber production from the species is regular but exportation is rather low. Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed
Tree size: Sapwood width is 0-5 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow-Brown to bright yellow, often with a greenish tinge and the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureUniformand the lusterPronounced
Natural durability: Very durable, Very low natural resistance to decay and attack by termites Odor: No distinct odor or taste Kiln Schedules: Drying (speed) is fast
Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly
Drying Defects: Slight tendency to warp and check during drying , Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying: Slowly Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Oily streaks are occasionally present Blunting Effect: Very slight blunting effect on cutting tools Boring: Responds readily to ordinary tools in boring operations to produce clean surfaces Carving: Responds readily to carving operations
Cutting Resistance: Low resistance to sawing, but freshly felled logs may split due to internal stresses Gluing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult, Holds nails well Planing: Very Good to Excellent Resistance to Impregnation: Satisfactory preservative absorption and retention Response to hand tools: Responds well to hand tools Routing recessing: Good routing qualities
Sanding: Good sanding properties
Veneering qualities: Veneer dries relatively rapidly, with little degrade except slight tendency to split , Veneers tend to be fragile
Screwing: Easy to screw, Poor to satisfactory screwing properties ; Turning: Turned surfaces are generally clean and smooth
Painting: Takes paint without difficulty ; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Finish is generally good
; Varnishing: Satisfactory;
Bending strength (MOR) = low 0 Hardness (side grain) = very soft 0 Shrinkage, Radial = very small 0 Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low 0 Max. crushing strength = medium 0 Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Shrinkage, Tangential = very small 1 Shrinkage, Volumetric=very small 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Tangential = large Weight=Medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Not hard Dents and marrs easily Density=Average/Medium Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. Compression strength (parallel to grain) = low Bending stength in air-dried condition...is medium Bena, P.,1960,Essences Forestieres de Guyane,Bureau Agricole et Forestier Guyanais GuyanaBerni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBodig, J. and B. A. Jayne. 1982. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1952,Simarouba,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,No.26,pp389-92Brazier, J.D.,1975,Properties and uses of Brazilian woods,Journal of the Institute of Wood Science,7(2,pp50-57Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World No.1 Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 9 Central America and the Caribbean,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesCaribbean Commission,1952,Information on properties of timbers gathered by questionnaire and,collated in the secretariat of the Caribbean Commission including some,related data from technical literature.,Caribbean Commission, Port of Spain, Trinidad Caribbean Timbers, their,Utilization and Trade within the area CTUTA/1/Doc.7 + App.1-18Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant, and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, 45bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex, FranceChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonEchenique-Manrique, R., Diaz Gomez, V.,1969,Algunas Caracteristicas Technologicas de la Madera de once Especies,Mexicanas. (Some technological characteristics of the wood of eleven,Mexican species.,Inst. Nac. Inv. For. Mexico Boletin Tecnico,27Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1Flores Rodriguez, L.J.,1969,Description Caracteristicas y usos de 25 Maderas tropicales,Mexicanas,Camera Nacional de la Industria de la Construccion Serie Maderas de MexicoGuna et al, S.R.D.,1945,Notes on British Guiana Timbers,The 'Daily Chronicle' Ltd. Printers,28PPHess, R.W., Wangaard, F.F., Dickinson, F.E.,1950,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 2,Tropical Woods,13(97,pp1-132Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingITTO. New Marketable Species Technical Notes. Prepared by Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, 94736 Nogent-sur-marne Cedex, FranceKukachka, B.F.,1960,Marupa (Simarouba amara Aubl.,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Foreign Wood Series No.1956 (Revised)Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Lang, W.G.,1954,Forest Utilization in Saint Lucia British West Indies,Caribbean Forester 15 pp120-3Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207Loureiro, A.A., Freitas da Silva, M.,1968,Catalogo das Madeiras da Amazonia (2 vols,Min. do Ultramar Belem BrasilMarshall, R.C.,1939,Silviculture of the trees of Trinidad and Tobago - British West Indies,O.U.P.,LondonPolak, A.M.,1992,Major Timber Trees of Guyana A Field Guide,The Tropenbos Foundation Wageningen, The NetherlandsRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRecord, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. PressReyes, L.J. 1938. Philippine Woods. Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Technical Bulletin 7, Commonwealth of the Philippines, Bureau of Printing, Manila.Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23Sallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T.Slooten van der, H.J., Martinez, E.P.,1959,Descripcion y propiedades de algunas madeiras Venezolanas,Inst. for Lation Americano de Investigacion y Capaciticion Boletin,Informaturo DirulgaturoStone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider & Sons Ltd. LondonStreets, R.J.,1962,Exotic Forest Trees in the British Commonwealth,Clarendon Press OxfordSurinam Forest Service,1952,Surinam Timber - A Summary with brief descriptions of the main timber,species of Surinam,Surinam Forest ServiceTakahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Teixeira, D. E., M. A. E. Santana and M. Rabelo de Souza.1988. Amazonian Timbers for the International Market.ITTO Technical Series 1.Brazilian Institute for Forestry Development, Brazil.Villamil, F.G.,1971,Maderas Colombianas,Proexpo ColombiaVink, A.T.,1965,Surinam Timbers,Surinam Forest Service Paramaribo,3rd rev. ed.Volkart, C.,1965,Recopilacion dedatos sobre propiedacies y usos maderos del Bosque Tropical,de las Costa Atlantica de Nicaragua,Turrialba,15(1, pp43-57Wangaard, F.F., and A.F. Muschler. 1952. Tropical Woods - Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods, Volume III, No. 98. School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.Wangaard, F.F., Muschler, A.F.,1952,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 3,Tropical Woods,14(98, pp1-190Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesWood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13 |
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