African sandalo (Spirostachys africana)
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Common names: African sandalo, African sandalwood, Hlengamoaasn, Irongo, Lourenco marques, Msalakanu, Msaraka, Msarakana, Mtomboti, Muconite, Muharaka, Munhiti, Mutivoti, Mutomboti, Mutovoti, Nesipolela, Omupapa, Sandalo, Sandalo Africano, Sandalwood, Shelinga-maasm, Tambootie, Tamboti, Tambotie, Tsomvori, Ubande, Ulu-bande, Umtamboti, Umthombotni
Distributed in: Angola, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe (Africa)
Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bearings & bushings, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Mine timbers, Musical instruments, Plywood, Posts, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Wheel spokes, Wheels
Tree size: Tree height is 20-30 m
Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Whiteand the sapwoodWhite, White to yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureFine
Natural durability: Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera), Very durable
Kiln Schedules: UK=J US=T10D5S/T8D4S Fr=4
Kiln Drying Rate: Kiln drying rate (green to 12% mc) is fairly rapid, typically from 11-17 days for a board under 32 mm, to 31-51 days for a board 63 mm and thicker.
Drying Defects: No surface checking, Slight surface checking
Ease of Drying: Fairly Easy
Blunting Effect: Little
Boring: Poor to very poor results
Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw
Gluing: Easy to glue
Mortising: Poor to Very Poor
Moulding: Poor to Very Poor
Movement in Service: Poor to Very Poor
Nailing: Difficult to nail, Possible if prebored
Planing: Poor to Very Poor
Response to hand tools: Responds Readily
Routing recessing: Poor to Very Poor Results
Sanding: Difficult to sand
Turning: Poor to Very Poor Results
Polishing: Satisfactory;
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
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Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
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Density |
|
913 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
654 |
1024 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
450 |
657 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
1333 |
kg |
Impact Strength |
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cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
223 |
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
80 |
94 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
|
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% |
Radial Shrinkage |
2 |
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% |
Weight |
897 |
721 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
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cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
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cm-kg |
Static Bending |
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kg/cm2 |
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| | | | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 9310 | 14566 | psi | Density | | 57 | lbs/ft3 | Hardness | | 2940 | lbs | Maximum Crushing Strength | 6401 | 9353 | psi | Shearing Strength | | 3185 | psi | Stiffness | 1147 | 1343 | 1000 psi | Weight | 56 | 45 | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 2 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 5 | | % | |
Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft 0 Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft 1 Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain)=very high Max. crushing strength = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Hardness (side grain) = very hard Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Max. crushing strength = low
Acosta-Solis, M.,1960,Maderas Economicas del Ecuador y sus Usos,Editorial Casa de la Culhra Ecuatoriana QuitoBanks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Banks, C.H.,1970,The Durability of South African Wood and Wood Base Building Materials,South African Forestry Journal,No.75Bois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. MoshiBurtt Davy, J.,1929,African Sandaleen Wood,Tropical Woods,No.17,pp15-7Fouarge, J.,1953,Bois du Congo,I.N.E.A.C.Goldsmith, B., Carter, D.T.,1981,The Indigenous Timbers of Zimbabwe,Forestry Commission, Zimbabwe Research Bulletin No.9Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi.Pardy, A.A.,1954,Notes on Indigenous Trees and Shrubs of S. Rhodesia - Spirostachys,africana,Ministry of Agriculture and Lands S. Rhodesia Bulletin,No.1798Patterson, D.N.,1963,The strength of Kenya timbers, their derivation and application,Kenya Forestry Department Research Bulletin,No.23Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1Scott, M.H.,1948,Timber Seasoning in South Africa,South African Forestry Department South Africa Bulletin No.32Scott, M.H.,1953,Utilisation Notes on South African Timbers,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.36Sim, T.R.,1921,Native Trees of South Africa,Union of South Africa Department of Mines and Industries Memoir No.3Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Tanzania Forest Department,1966,Flooring Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of TanganyikaTanzania Forest Division,1966,Kiln Drying Schedules for Tanzania Timbers Technical Note no.38,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. MoshiTanzania Forest Division,1966,Spirostachys africana (msaraka,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of TanganyikaTimber Information Assoc. Ltd.,1947,Notes on East African Timbers,TRADA, Timber Information, No.28Wimbush, S.H.,1950,Catalogue of Kenya Timbers,Govt. Printer Nairobi KenyaWood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13
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