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Sterculia
Sterculia (Sterculia pruriens)

Family: Sterculiaceae

Common names: Apote, Axixa, Bofrohoedoe, Boia, Bracaia, Capote, Chicha, Chicha brava, Chichabrava, Envireira, Imbira quiaba, Ivira, Jahoballi, Kobe, Kobe he, Koebehe, Koejethie, Kroekroe amete, Maho, Maho kobe, Mahot cochon, Maipjoerie ietare, Majagua, Maneko, Manmaho, Patoelapo, Pau rei, Smooth leaf maho, Sterculia, Tacacazeiro, Tourou, Tourou-tourou, Tuxapa, Unha d'anta, Yahu

Distributed in: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname (Central America, Latin America)

Distribution overview: The species occurs in the Guianas and northern Brazil.

Common uses: Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Coffins, Concrete formwork, Construction, Furniture, Interior construction, Joinery, Light construction, Paneling, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Veneer

Environment profile: Unknown status in natural growth range due to inadequate inofrmation

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isWhitish, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterSlightly lustrous

Natural durability: Very durable, Very little natural resistance

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: UK=A US=T2D4/T2D3 Fr=1

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly

Drying Defects: Severe twisting/warping, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory

Blunting Effect: High to severe

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Moulding: Very Good to Excellent

Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent

Nailing: Pre-Boring Recommended, Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Resistance to Splitting: Good

Response to hand tools: Yields a smooth, clean finish

Sanding: Good sanding finish

Veneering qualities: Suitable for peeling, There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits

Steam bending: Poor

Screwing: Pre-boring recommended ; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Finish is generally satisfactory; Varnishing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,45
Density 560 kg/m3
Bending Strength 627 825 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 334 567 kg/cm2
Hardness 410 kg
Impact Strength 71 cm
Shearing Strength 77 kg/cm2
Stiffness 121 131 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 528 432 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,63 0,77 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 195 cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 8924 11748 psi
Density 35 lbs/ft3
Hardness 906 lbs
Impact Strength 28 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 4758 8075 psi
Shearing Strength 1106 psi
Stiffness 1734 1876 1000 psi
Toughness 170 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 9 11 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.45
Weight 33 27 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 15 %

Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Max. crushing strength = medium
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Max. crushing strength = high
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Work to Maximum Load = low
Weight = moderate
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low
Toughness (total work) = low
Resists denting and marring
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high

Bena, P.,1960,Essences Forestieres de Guyane,Bureau Agricole et Forestier Guyanais GuyanaBerni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBois et Forets des Tropiques,1985,Kobe - Sterculia pruriens Schum.,Bois et Forets des Tropiques Vol. 207 p.46Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 4 South East Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentFrance - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. FranceI.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingKynoch, W., Norton, N.A.,1938,Mechanical Properties of certain tropical woods chiefly from S. America,School of Forestry and Conservation, University of Michigan Bulletin,No.7Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressSallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T.Slooten, H.J. van der,1970,Evaluation Study of eighteen Wood Species from Guyana for Veneer and,Plywood Manufacture,Forest Industries Development Survey FAO Report SF/GUY9 Tech. Report,No.13,U.N.D.P.Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing: Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center (WCMC, Plants Program, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
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