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Ditta 5
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Bannia
Bannia (Swartzia benthamiana)

Family: Caesalpiniaceae

Common names: Alma Negra, Bannia, Black paddlewood, Ferreol, Gandoe, Icoje, Ijzerhart, Montouchy, Mututy, Naranjillo, Orura Barrialera, Parakusan, Pau Ferro, Wamara, Wild orange

Distributed in: Brazil, Columbia, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America)

Distribution overview: The species occurs in dense rain forests along rivers at elevations of 330 to 1300 feet (100 to 400 m) in the Guianas, Venezuela, Colombia, and northwestern Amazonian Brazil. It is also reported to have extensions into the West Indies and through Central America to southern Mexico.

Common uses: Bedroom suites, Bobbins, Cabinetmaking, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hatracks, Inlay work, Kitchen cabinets, Living-room suites, Musical instruments , Office furniture, Ornamental work , Parquet flooring, Picker sticks, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Shade rollers, Shuttles, Specialty items, Spindles, Spools, Stencil & chisel blocks, Stools, Sucker rods, Tables , Turnery, Violin bows

Environment profile: Widespread

Tree size: Tree height is 40-50 m

Colors: the heart isWhite, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStraight to irregular, the textureMedium to very fine and the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Resistant to powder post beetles, Susceptible to insect attack

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: T2-C1 (8/4) US

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries quickly

Drying Defects: Severe surface checking, Severe twisting/warping

Ease of Drying: Rapidly

Comments: The timber has been suggested as a potential substitute for Ebony (Diospyros spp. ).

Blunting Effect: High to severe

Cutting Resistance: Wood is dense

Nailing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Planing is difficult due to high density

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Response to hand tools: Easy to Work

Sanding: Good sanding finish


Polishing: Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,92
Density 1105 kg/m3
Bending Strength 1575 1975 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 890 1063 kg/cm2
Hardness 1640 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength kg/cm2
Stiffness 206 250 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 1089 897 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 293 cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 22413 28097 psi
Density 69 lbs/ft3
Hardness 3616 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 12671 15131 psi
Stiffness 2940 3557 1000 psi
Toughness 255 inch-lbs
Specific Gravity 0.92
Weight 68 56. lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 11 %

Very heavy
Resists denting and marring
Hardness (side grain) = very hard
Density = very high
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = very high
Bending strength (MOR) = very high

Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Perpetua Hardwoods. 1993. Personal Communication. Sea Star Trading Co., P. O. Box 513, Newport OR.Record, S.J. and R.W. Hess. 1943. Timbers of the New World. Published on the Charles Lathrop Pack Foundation, Yale University Press, New Haven CT.
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