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Awartu
Awartu (Swartzia leiocalycina)

Family: Caesalpiniaceae

Common names: Awartu, Brown ebony, Clubwood, Ironwood, Montouchi, Shiraip, Wamara

Distributed in: French Guiana, Guyana (Latin America)

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Cabinetmaking, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Mine timbers, Musical instruments, Piling, Plywood, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Turnery, Veneer, Walking sticks, Wheel spokes

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isRed, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMediumand the lusterPronounced

Natural durability: Susceptible to marine borer attack, Very durable

Kiln Schedules: UK=B US=T2C2/T2C1 Fr=2

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries quickly

Drying Defects: Severe end splitting, Severe surface checking

Ease of Drying: Rapidly

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is buttressed

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: High to severe

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw

Nailing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Possible if prebored

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Resistance to Splitting: Poor

Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities

Sanding: Good sanding finish

Veneering qualities: Suitable for slicing, There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits

Steam bending: Moderate

Screwing: Possible if prebored ; Turning: Poor to Very Poor Results

Polishing: Good; Staining: Poor;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 945 kg/m3
Bending Strength 1207 1748 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 632 869 kg/cm2
Hardness 1262 kg
Impact Strength 187 cm
Shearing Strength 192 kg/cm2
Stiffness 161 187 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 929 817 kg/m3
Maximum Load 1,33 1,61 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 418 cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 17175 24865 psi
Density 59 lbs/ft3
Hardness 2784 lbs
Impact Strength 74 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 8990 12374 psi
Shearing Strength 2745 psi
Stiffness 2304 2667 1000 psi
Toughness 363 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 19 23 inch-lbs/in3
Weight 58 51 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %

Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = very high
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high
Max. crushing strength = very high
Density (dry weight) = >75 lbs/cu. ft.
Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft.
Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft.
Hardness (side grain) = very hard
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high
Max. crushing strength = high
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very high
Toughness (total work) = high
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Hardness (side grain) = hard
Bending strength (MOR) = medium

Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchErfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentI.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingLavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207Polak, A.M.,1992,Major Timber Trees of Guyana A Field Guide,The Tropenbos Foundation Wageningen, The NetherlandsSlooten, H.J. van der,1970,Evaluation Study of eighteen Wood Species from Guyana for Veneer and,Plywood Manufacture,Forest Industries Development Survey FAO Report SF/GUY9 Tech. Report,No.13,U.N.D.P.Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4
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