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PrimaveraPrimavera
Primavera (Tabebuia donnell-smithii)

Family: Bignoniaceae

Common names: Campeche, Chiapas, Copal, Cortez, Cortez blanco, Duranga, Durango, Flor de zope, Oaxaca, Palo blanco, Pequia marfim, Prima vera, Prima vera mahogany, Primavera, Roble, San Juan, Tabasco, White mahogany

Distributed in: El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua (Central America)

Distribution overview: The geographical distribution of Primavera includes Central America, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Guatemala. The trees are reported to thrive on moist, rich soils, but have also adapted to dry areas.

Common uses: Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Chairs, Chests, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Drawer sides, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Moldings, Office furniture, Paneling , Paneling, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Trimming, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wainscotting, Wardrobes

Product sources: Primavera trees are grown also in plantations. Most of the material on the US market is believed to come from Guatemala, where the law requires Primavera logs to be processed and exported in lumber and veneer forms only. Supplies are scarce in the veneer form, but are somewhat available in lumber form in the United States. The material is priced in the costly range. Exports to Europe are very rare.The value and marketability of the material is dictated by the time of year the tree is felled: the sap of the tree rises and fall with the phases of the moon, and the best product is from trees felled in 'the dark of the moon', when the sap is low.

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm

Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMedium to fairly course and the lusterPronounced

Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very durable

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: T6 - F3 (4/4) US

Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Drying Defects: Slight twist/warp, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Harvesting tree at suggested period reduces sap exudation from log ends It is recommended that the tree be felled in 'the dark of the moon', since unlike trees in the temperate regions, the sap rises and falls with the phases of the moon instead of in winter and spring. Sap attracts insects that may damage the timber Sap content is reported to depend upon the time of yeat the tree is felled Subsituted for hard woods because it works easily in most machining operations

Blunting Effect: Medium effect

Boring: Good results

Carving: Good results

Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Mortising: Finishes well

Moulding: Good moulding properties

Movement in Service: Good moulding properties

Nailing: Pre-Boring Recommended, Thin boards are prone to split

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is modertely permeable

Resistance to Splitting: Poor

Response to hand tools: Responds Poorly

Routing recessing: Routing characteristics are good

Sanding: Sanding characteristics are good

Veneering qualities: No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting, There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits

Steam bending: Seldom used for steam bending applications

Screwing: Pre-boring recommended, Thinner stock requires carefull screwing to avoid splitting ; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Stains well; Varnishing: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,39 0,43
Density 464 kg/m3
Bending Strength 529 768 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 55 60 kg/cm2
Hardness 362 kg
Impact Strength 38 cm
Shearing Strength 104 kg/cm2
Stiffness 77 86 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 5 %
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Weight 448 400 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,42 0,42 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 85 cm-kg
Static Bending 287 503 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 7524 10927 psi
Crushing Strength 784 862 psi
Density 29 lbs/ft3
Hardness 799 lbs
Impact Strength 15 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3797 6103 psi
Shearing Strength 1491 psi
Static Bending 4087 7164 psi
Stiffness 1101 1225 1000 psi
Toughness 74 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 6 6 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.39 0.43
Weight 28 25 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Tangential Shrinkage 5 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 8 %

Max. crushing strength = medium 0
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. 1
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shrinkage, Volumetric = small
Work to Maximum Load = very low
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Weight = moderate
Toughness (total work) = very low
Surfaces may dent easily
Soft
Max. crushing strength = low
Max. crushing strength = high
Hardness (side grain) = very soft
Density = medium
Crushing strength = medium
Bending strength in the air-dry condition is medium, being much weaker than White oak or Teak

Brown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 9 Central America and the Caribbean,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonConstantine, Jr., A.J. 1975. Know Your Woods: A Complete Guide to Trees, Woods, and Veneers, Revised by H.J. Hobbs. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.Dickinson, F.E.,1949,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 1,Tropical Woods,13(95,pp1-140Flores Rodriguez, L.J.,1969,Description Caracteristicas y usos de 25 Maderas tropicales,Mexicanas,Camera Nacional de la Industria de la Construccion Serie Maderas de MexicoHarrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingImported Wood Purchasing Guide : A Comprehensive Purchasing Reference for Imported Woods. 20th Edition. 1992. International Wood Trade Publication, Inc. 1235 Sycamore View, Box 34908, Memphis, Tennessee.Kaiser, J. 1990.Wood of the Month Annual - Primavera: the White Mahogany, Supplement to Wood and Wood Products, September 1990. Page 10A.Kline, M. 1982. Cybistax donnell-smithii - Primavera. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 124-125.Kryn, J.M.,1954,Roble blanco, Amapa, Mayflower (Tabebuia pentaphylla,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,Information Leaflet Foreign Woods,1980,10ppKukachka, B.F.,1958,Primavera (Cybistax donnell-smithii,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Foreign Wood Series No.2021Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Lamb, A.F.A., Wangaard, F.F.,1950,The Gluing Properties of certain Tropical American Woods,Yale Univ. School of Forestry Technical Report,4Lincoln, W.M. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Luz Reis, C.N.,1951,Primavera: Important Furniture Wood of Central America,Caribbean Forester,12(2,pp75-83Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressPennington, T.D., Sarukhan, J.,1968,Manual para la Identificacion de campo de los Principales Arboles,Tropicales de Mexico,Inst. Nac. Inv. For. MexicoRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1940,American Woods of the Family Bignoniaceae,Tropical Woods,8(63,pp 9-38Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRecord, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. PressRecord, S.J.,1927,Trees of Honduras,Tropical Woods,10, pp10-47Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionU.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72Wangaard, F.F., and A.F. Muschler. 1952. Tropical Woods - Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods, Volume III, No. 98. School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.Wangaard, F.F., Muschler, A.F.,1952,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 3,Tropical Woods,14(98, pp1-190Wangaard, F.F.,1951,The Physical Properties of Tropical Woods,F.A.O. For. & For. Prod. Studies Series No.3 Tropical Woods and Ag.,Residues as sources of pulp,pp10-16Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series
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