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Camalindo (Tamarindus indica)
Family: Leguminosae Common names: Ajagbo, Ajagbon, Ambli, Amli, Amlika, Asam, Camalindo, Chicha, Chinch, Chinta, Chita, Chitz, Chwaa, Darachi, Hitta, Hunase, Icheku, Imili, Imli, Indian date, Iti, Jatami, Jojo, Jojo's, Kalamendo, Kamal, Kamalindo, Karangi, Keditia, Khenthiri, Kopu, Koya, Magyeng, Magyi, Mkwadju, Mkwaju, Msisa, Msisi, Mukoge, Munondo, Museka, Musika, Muthithi, Muthumura, Mzumusa, Neddi, Ol-masamburai, Puli, Samia, Shenta, Sitta, Siyembela, Taman, Tamarese, Tamarin, Tamarind, Tamarind tree, Tamarindade, Tamarinde, Tamarindier, Tamarindo, Tamarinier, Tamsugu, Tentul, Tentuli, Tenturi, Tetar, Teteli, Tetui, Tetuli, Tintil, Tintiri, Tintul, Tintuli, Titri, Tsamia, Tsamiya, Udeguegor Distributed in: Angola, Benin, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, India, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Puerto Rico, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe (Africa, Central America, Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: Probably a cultigen which is native to the drier savannah regions of tropical Africa. It is a naturalized species throughout the West Indies and from Mexico to Brazil. It is also cultivated in southern Florida, including the Florida Keys, and in Bermuda. It is planted as an ornament in Puerto Rico, and is occasionally naturalized. It is cultivated throughout India except in the extremely dry western zone, and is found by road sides and frequently in the wild. also common in the drier parts of Burma. It occurs in the savannah forests throughout tropical Africa, and is also often planted as a shade and ornamental tree because of its evergreen foliage and dense crown. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Barge fenders, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Chairs, Charcoal, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Crossties, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Docks, Dockwork, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Golf club heads, Harbor work, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Marine construction, Millwork, Mine timbers, Naval architecture, Office furniture, Poles, Posts, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Raft floats, Rafts, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Shipbuilding, Sporting Goods, Stools, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Walking sticks, Wheel spokes, Wheels Product sources: The tree is a source of many important non-timber products. The fruit is edible, and the pulp is used for chutneys, curries and pickling fish. The over-ripe fruits are used as a cleaning agent for copper and brass. Many parts of the tree are also used in native medicines in Africa and Asia. The powdered kernel of the seeds is used as a sizing material, and the seeds also yield jellose that is suitable for making jellies, jams, marmalades and jelled fruits. The seed coat is rich in tannin and has been used successfully to manufacture glues for plywood. Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed
It is cultivated in many areas with favorable tropical climates
Tree size: Tree height is 10-20 m
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodYellow, Yellow - pale .The grain isWavy to interlocked, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterHigh
Natural durability: Very durable, Very durable Odor: No specific smell or taste
Kiln Schedules: Dry at a slow speed
Drying Defects: Ring Shakes, Severe end splitting Ease of Drying: Timber is refractory difficult to dry Comments: Abundance of crystals in the wood Acid resistant Deposits Generally hard and heavy Large trunks used for rice mortars and chopping blocks Makes excellent fuel and charcoal Pores usually contain gum and white deposits Blunting Effect: Tunsten tipped cutters are essential Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance: Very difficult Gluing: Glues well Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing: Possible if prebored, Pre-Boring Recommended Planing: Severe dulling effect on cutting edges Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Response to hand tools: Responds poorly due to toughness and hardness Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Steam bending: Very Good to Excellent Results
Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Pre-boring recommended; Turning: Very good turning characteristics
Polishing: Satisfactory; Varnishing: Good;
Shrinkage, Radial = small Bending strength (MOR) = medium Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength)=high Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Max. crushing strength = high Hardness (side grain) = hard Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very high Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Density (dry weight) = >75 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = high The species has very high bending strength, and is much stronger than Teak in the air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content). It has superior properties in compression parallel to grain in the air-dry condition than Teak, White oak, or Hard maple Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBrenan, J.P.M., Greenway, P.J.,1949,Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire,Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford No.5 Tanganyika Territories Part 2Bryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. MoshiEggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaGamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. LondonGoldsmith, B., Carter, D.T.,1981,The Indigenous Timbers of Zimbabwe,Forestry Commission, Zimbabwe Research Bulletin No.9Irvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonKeay, R.W.J.1989. Trees of Nigeria.Revised Version of Nigerian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Keay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, IbadanLittle, E.L., Wadsworth, F.H.,1964,Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.249Little, E.L.,1948,A Collection of Tree Specimens from Western Ecuador,Caribbean Forester,9(3,pp215-98Nazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9Nigeria Department of Forest Research,1967,The Properties of Some Savanna Timber Trees,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, Ibadan Report, No.11Pardy, A.A.,1956,Notes on the Indigenous Trees and Shrubs of S. Rhodesia - Tamarindus,indica,Ministry of Agriculture and Lands S. Rhodesia Bulletin,No.1882Purseglove, J.W.1968.Tropical Crops - Dicotyledon 1.John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York.Ramesh, Rao K., Purkayastha, S.K.,1972,Indian Woods - Their Identification Properties and Uses,Dehra Dun India,Vol. 3Rao, K.R. and S.K. Purkayastha. 1972. Indian Woods - Their Identification, Properties and Uses, Volume III - Leguminosae to Combretaceae. Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi, India.Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7Sekhar, A.C.,1967,Some Indian Timbers Equivalent to Foreign Timbers,Van Vigyan 5(1&2,pp18-24Streets, R.J.,1962,Exotic Forest Trees in the British Commonwealth,Clarendon Press OxfordSwabey, C.,1941,The Principal Timbers of Jamaica,Department of Science and Agriculture Jamaica Bulletin No.29Tanzania Forest Division,1967,The Weights and Shrinkage of some Local Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sect. Technical Note,No.25White, F.,1962,Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia,O.U.P. London |
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