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Ditta 5
Indirizzo: via dei platani 4 liguria
Tel.: +39 456 5664 54

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Ditta 4
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Ditta 3
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Ditta 2
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Ditta 1
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Ditta 0
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Andamans ash
Andamans ash (Terminalia bialata)

Family: Combretaceae

Common names: Andamans ash, Chieu-lieu, Chuglam, Chuglam white, Indian silver grey wood, Lein, Safed chuglam, White chuglam

Common uses: Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Flooring, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Mathematical instruments, Mine timbers, Musical instruments, Musical instruments: piano, Oars, Paneling, Plywood, Poles, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Roofing, Structural work, Tool handles, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative

Tree size: Tree height is 30-40 m

Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isVariable figure, the textureMedium coarse to coarseand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Susceptible to insect attack

Kiln Schedules: UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5

Kiln Drying Rate: Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast

Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Moderately Difficult to Difficult

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is buttressed

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Moderate

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Carving: Fair to Good Results

Cutting Resistance: Moderate to saw

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Mortising: Fair to Good

Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: Pre-Boring Recommended, Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Response to hand tools: Responds Readily

Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Veneering qualities: Suitable for slicing, Suitable for slicing

Screwing: Satisfactory screwing finish, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Polishing: Surface Preparation; Staining: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 673 kg/m3
Bending Strength 542 849 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2
Hardness 692 kg
Impact Strength 101 cm
Shearing Strength 77 kg/cm2
Stiffness 110 127 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 657 528 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 7711 12078 psi
Density 42 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1526 lbs
Impact Strength 40 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi
Shearing Strength 1107 psi
Stiffness 1573 1816 1000 psi
Weight 41 33 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %

Max. crushing strength = medium 1
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft

Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonClifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonCox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughDas Gupta, P.R.,1980,Studies on differential shrinkage in different planes of wood,Indian Forester 106(2) pp128-40Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentGamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. LondonHoward, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Limaye, V.D.,1933,The Physical and Mechanical Properties of woods grown in India (Third,Interim Report on Project 1,Indian Forest Records,18(10,pp1-70Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressPearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 volsRamesh, Rao K., Juneja, K.B.S.,1971,Field Identification of Fifty Important timbers of India,Dehra Dun IndiaRamesh, Rao K., Purkayastha, S.K.,1972,Indian Woods - Their Identification Properties and Uses,Dehra Dun India,Vol. 3Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonTewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition
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