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Alale
Alale (Terminalia chebula)

Family: Combretaceae

Common names: Alale, Anale, Aralu, Black myrobalan tree, Chebulic, Chuglam, Gallnut tree, Hadra, Haira, Halra, Har, Harla, Harra, Harrara, Harro, Herrda, Hilikha, Hiloa, Hir, Hirda, Horada, Kadakai, Kadukar, Kadukka, Kadukkai, Kajo, Karaka, Karedha, Karka, Mahoka, Mai-mak-na, Mai-mannah, Mana, Myrabolan, Myrobalan, Nga, Rol, Rola, Samaw-tha, Samo-thai, Silim, Sra-mar

Distributed in: Burma, Cambodia, India, Malaysia, Sri Lanka (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bearings & bushings, Boat building (general), Cabinetmaking, Chemical derivatives, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Oars, Posts, Railroad ties, Structural work, Tool handles, Vehicle parts

Environment profile: Questionable

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm

Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStriped figure, the textureUniformand the lusterLustrous

Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very durable

Kiln Schedules: Dry at a slow speed

Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid

Drying Defects: Discoloration, Moderate end spitting

Ease of Drying: Reconditioning Treatement

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is cylindrical

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Little

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Cutting Resistance: Moderate to saw

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Moulding: Very Good to Excellent

Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent

Nailing: Pre-Boring Recommended, Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Response to hand tools: Responds Readily

Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results

Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy

Steam bending: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Screwing: Pre-boring recommended, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Painting: Very Good to Excellent; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Fairly Easy to Very Easy; Varnishing: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 929 kg/m3
Bending Strength 601 938 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 221 375 kg/cm2
Hardness 1239 kg
Impact Strength 101 cm
Shearing Strength 85 kg/cm2
Stiffness 117 135 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Weight 913 737 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 8549 13346 psi
Density 58 lbs/ft3
Hardness 2732 lbs
Impact Strength 40 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3155 5334 psi
Shearing Strength 1221 psi
Stiffness 1665 1923 1000 psi
Weight 57 46 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %

Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Max. crushing strength = medium
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Max. crushing strength = low
Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Hardness (side grain) = very hard
Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Hardness (side grain) = hard
Bending strength (MOR) = high

Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government PressChopra, R.S.,1939,Punjab Forestry Notes No.4 Harar (Terminalia chebula) cultivation in the,Punjab,Indian Forester 65(2) pp126-9Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. LondonLimaye, V.D.,1933,The Physical and Mechanical Properties of woods grown in India (Third,Interim Report on Project 1,Indian Forest Records,18(10,pp1-70Nazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 volsRamesh, Rao K., Purkayastha, S.K.,1972,Indian Woods - Their Identification Properties and Uses,Dehra Dun India,Vol. 3Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TStreets, R.J.,1962,Exotic Forest Trees in the British Commonwealth,Clarendon Press OxfordTewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6Wood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13
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