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Asan
Asan (Terminalia tomentosa)

Family: Combretaceae

Common names: Asan, Asna, Cam lien, Chhlik, Indian laurel, Karimardu, Karu maruthu, Koro maruthu, Maddi, Marda, Mareta, Matti, Neang phaek, Rokfa, Sadar, Sain, Taukkyan, Thembavu

Distributed in: Burma, Cambodia, India, Laos (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bearings & bushings, Boat building (general), Cabinetmaking, Charcoal, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Mine timbers, Moldings, Paneling, Piling, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Roofing, Structural work, Tables, Tool handles, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative, Walking sticks, Wheel spokes, Wheels

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isVariable figure, the textureUniformand the lusterSlightly lustrous

Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles, Susceptible to insect attack

Odor: Has an odor

Kiln Schedules: UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3

Kiln Drying Rate: Very slow (>28 days for boards < 32 mm, to >84 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Drying Defects: Slight cupping, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Thick Stock Requires Care

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Little

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: Pre-Boring Recommended, Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Poor to Very Poor

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Response to hand tools: Responds Readily

Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Veneering qualities: There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits

Screwing: Pre-boring recommended ; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Polishing: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 849 kg/m3
Bending Strength 647 993 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 380 574 kg/cm2
Hardness 1111 kg
Impact Strength 119 cm
Shearing Strength 101 kg/cm2
Stiffness 103 119 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Weight 833 705 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 9210 14132 psi
Density 53 lbs/ft3
Hardness 2451 lbs
Impact Strength 47 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 5408 8171 psi
Shearing Strength 1442 psi
Stiffness 1471 1702 1000 psi
Weight 52 44 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %

Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Max. crushing strength = medium
Max. crushing strength = high
Hardness (side grain) = hard
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = high
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Hardness (side grain) = very hard
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu.ft
Bending strength (MOR) = very high

Bhat, R.V.,1970,Pulping of Tropical Hardwoods,Indian Pulp and Paper Technology Association IPPTA,7(3,pp203-214Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government PressCarrapiett, J.B.,1960,Notes on ornamental timbers of Burma,Burmese Forester,10(1,pp37-53Chinchole, P.R., Salgiya, S.C.,1971,Anatomical and Chemical Characteristics of Indian Hardwoods with Special,Reference to their Suitability for Pulp: Part IV Eucalyptus citriodora,,Terminalia tomentosa, Strychnos niuxvomica,Indian Pulp and Paper 26(1/6) pp7-13Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonCox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughGamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. LondonHarrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Limaye, V.D.,1933,The Physical and Mechanical Properties of woods grown in India (Third,Interim Report on Project 1,Indian Forest Records,18(10,pp1-70Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 volsRamesh, Rao K., Juneja, K.B.S.,1971,Field Identification of Fifty Important timbers of India,Dehra Dun IndiaRamesh, Rao K., Purkayastha, S.K.,1972,Indian Woods - Their Identification Properties and Uses,Dehra Dun India,Vol. 3Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRoonwal, M.L., Et al,1956,Experiments on the effect of kiln-seasoning of planks from three species,of timber (Terminalia belerica, Terminalia tomentosa and Eugenia,jambolana,Indian Forester 82(9) pp455-68Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSekhar, A.C., Rana, R.S.,1957,Physical and mechanical properties of wood tested at the Forest Research,Institute, Dehra Dun,. Report IX,Indian Forest Records (ns) Timber Mechanics 1(10) pp167-70Sekhar, A.C.,1967,Some Indian Timbers Equivalent to Foreign Timbers,Van Vigyan 5(1&2,pp18-24Sharma, S.N.,1962,Experiments on the High Temperature Drying of some Indian Timbers,(Part.2,Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun Indian Forest Bulletin No.236Sinha, J.N.,1937,A report on laurel wood (Terminalia tomentosa) and its market in England.,Imperial Forest Institute, OxfordTitmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition
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