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Punah (Tetramerista glabra)
Family: Tetrameristaceae Common names: Amat, Bankalis, Entuyut, Kaye hujan, Kuantan, Larut, Pedada-paja, Punah, Punak, Rain tree, Sha lei, Terepit, Tuyot Distributed in: Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia (Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: The species occurs in coastal swamp forests in the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and Sumatra. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building: framing, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Construction, Domestic flooring, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Flooring, Form work, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Light construction, Mine timbers, Parquet flooring, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Roofing, Rough construction, Sporting Goods, Structural work, Sub-flooring, Tool handles, Vehicle parts Environment profile: Vulnerable Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isTan, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureUniformand the lusterMedium
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Susceptible to insect attack Odor: Unpleasent odor when freshly milled Kiln Schedules: UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3 Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly Drying Defects: No twisting or warping, Slight surface checking Ease of Drying: Slowly Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is not buttressed Comments: Deposits - Pores are reported to contain white, gum-like deposits.General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect: Moderate Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Carving: Good results Cutting Resistance: Low resistance to sawing Gluing: Good gluing properties Mortising: Mortises cleanly with ordinary machine tools Moulding: Responds well to ordinary machine tools in moulding operations Movement in Service: Responds well to ordinary machine tools in moulding operations Nailing: Splits occasionally during nailing , Very Good to Excellent Planing: Very Good to Excellent Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood response to penetration and retention is adequate Resistance to Splitting: Poor
Response to hand tools: Responds well to hand tools Routing recessing: Good routing qualities Sanding: Good sanding properties
Screwing: Pre-Boring is recommended in screwing
Pre-Boring is recommended before screwing, especially in small materials
; Turning: Poor results
Painting: Fair to Good; Polishing: Satisfactory; Varnishing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy;
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Max. crushing strength = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Bending strength (MOR) = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = large Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Max. crushing strength = medium Heavy Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Dense Bootle, K.R.,1971,The Commercial Timbers of New South Wales and their use,Angus & Robertson (publishers) PTY LtdBrowne, F.G.,1955,Forest Trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their Products.,Government Printing Office, Kuching, SarawakBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 4 South East Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBurgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Desch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers. Malayan Forest Records, 28(30):315-318.Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentFoxworthy, F.W.,1927,Commercial Timber Trees of the Malayan Peninsula,Malayan Forest Records 3Grewal, G.S.,1979,Air seasoning properties of some Malaysian timbers,Malaysia Forestry Department, Forest Service, Trade Leaflet No.41HMSO.1972.Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition.Revised by R.H. Farmer.Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Jackson, W.F.,1957,The Durability of Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,20,pp38-48Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kloot, N. H. and E. Bolza.1961.Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia.Technological Paper No. 12.Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia.Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Lee, Y.H., Chu, Y.P.,1965,The Strength Properties of Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester 28(4) pp307-19Lee, Y.H., et al,1974,Commercial Timbers of Peninsular Malaysia,Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Forestry Peninsular Malaysia and,Malaysian Timber Industry BoardLee, Y.H., Lopez, D.T.,1968,The Machining Properties of some Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,3,pp194-210Lopez, D.T.,1982,Malaysian Timbers - Punah (Tetramensta glabra,Malaysia Forestry Department, Forest Service Malaysia Trade Leaflet No.59Malaysian Timber Industry Board,1986,100 Malaysian Timbers,The Malaysian Timber Industry BoardMenon, K.D.,1958,Susceptibility of Commercial Species of Malayan Timbers to Powder-post,Beetle,Attack,Malayan Forest Service Trade Leaflet,no.27Ng, F.S.P. (Ed,1989,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 4,Forest Research Institute Malaysia Ministry of Primary IndustriesRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonSarawak Forest Department,Trees and Timbers of Sarawak and Brunei,Forest Department, Sarawak Leaflet No.13Smythies, B.E.,1965,Common Sarawak Trees,Borneo Literature BureauStadelman, R.C.,1966,Forests of South-East Asia,Wimmer Bros., Memphis TennesseeStrugnell, E.J.,1931,Notes on woods for furniture making,Malaysian Forester 1 pp69-73Thomas, A.V.,1938,Timber Tests - Punah (Tetramerista glabira Mig,Malayan Forester 7(3) pp137-141Walker, F.S.,1941,Resistance of Timbers to Marine Borer Attack,Malayan Forester 10(4) pp145-9Wyatt-Smith, J.,1979,Pocket Checklist of Timber Trees,Malayan Forest Records No.17 |
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