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Akpa
Akpa (Tetrapleura tetraptera)

Family: Leguminosae

Common names: Akpa, Akposso, Angular pod, Apapa, Aprekese, Aridan, Arido, Bubao, Budjo, Buleu, Ebuk, Edeminang, Esem, Ighimiakia, Ighirehimi, Igmikkia, Ikhememi, Ikoho, Imiminje, Ka-loma, Ka-segbel, Kokondu, Kokundui, Kyeke, Ossgosha, Prekese

Distributed in: Cameroon, Congo, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Senegal, Sudan, Uganda (Africa)

Distribution overview: The genus Tetrapleura consists of two species which occur in tropical Africa. T. tetraptera is widely distributed in tropical Africa, and is often found in secondary deciduous forests.

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Barge fenders, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Chairs, Chests, Clogs, Concealed parts (Furniture), Core Stock, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Harbor work, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Marine construction, Medicinal use, Millwork, Moldings, Naval architecture, Office furniture, Plywood, Posts, Shipbuilding, Turnery, Wheelwright work, Windows

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: It is often unbuttressed, but may occasionally develop small, sharp buttresses.

Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Whiteand the sapwoodWhite, White to yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMedium coarse to coarseand the lusterHigh

Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles, Susceptible to insect attack

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Drying Defects: May collapse and distort

Ease of Drying: Reconditioning Treatement

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is buttressed

Blunting Effect: Moderate

Boring: Responds well to machine tools to produce clean bored surfaces

Carving: Good results

Cutting Resistance: Saws fairly well

Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Moulding: Moulded surfaces tend to be clean

Movement in Service: Moulded surfaces tend to be clean

Nailing: Easy to nail

Planing: Responds well to ordinary machine tools in all operations

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is moderately resistant

Resistance to Splitting: Poor

Response to hand tools: Responds well to ordinary hand tools in most operations

Routing recessing: Good routing qualities

Sanding: Yields relatively smooth surfaces

Turning: Yields fairly smooth surfaces

Polishing: Satisfactory;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 576 kg/m3
Bending Strength 688 1057 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 298 501 kg/cm2
Hardness 451 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 130 kg/cm2
Stiffness 106 124 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Weight 560 448 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 9794 15046 psi
Density 36 lbs/ft3
Hardness 995 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 4248 7139 psi
Shearing Strength 1862 psi
Stiffness 1519 1764 1000 psi
Weight 35 28 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %

Max. crushing strength = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Density and most strength properties of the wood are reported to vary considerably. Fruits and seeds from the tree are reported to contain tannin which are used for flavoring and also for medicinal purposes.

Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchEggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaIrvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonKeay, R.W.J.1989. Trees of Nigeria.Revised Version of Nigerian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Keay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, IbadanKryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSavill, P.S., Fox, J.E.D.,1967,Trees of Sierra LeoneTakahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Unwin, A.H.,1920,West African Forests and Forestry,T. Fisher Unwin Ltd. London
*Come interpretare i dati (manleva su eventuali imprecisioni)