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Western redcedar (Thuja plicata)
Family: Cupressaceae Common names: Arborvitae, British Columbia cedar, British Columbia red cedar, Canoe cedar, Giant arbor-vitae, Giant arborvitae, Giant cedar, Gigantic cedar, Pacific red cedar, Pacific redcedar, Red cedar, Shinglewood, Western arborvitae, Western cedar, Western red cedar, Western redcedar Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America) Distribution overview: Western redcedar occurs in Alberta, British Columbia, Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington. It forms widespread forests with Western hemlock, and also with other conifers. It prefers moist, slightly acid soils. Western redcedar is also cultivated (from seedlings in nurseries) as a source of timber in Britain and France. Common uses: Beehives, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: decking, Boat building: planking, Boxes and crates, Canoes, Caskets, Casks, Coffins, Decks, Decorative veneer, Exterior trim & siding, Exterior uses, Figured veneer, Foundation posts, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Lifeboats, Light construction, Millwork, Packing cases, Paneling, Piling, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Poles, Porch columns, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Shakes, Sheathing, Shingles, Shipbuilding, Siding, Stakes, Utility poles, Vats, Veneer, Veneer: decorative Product sources: Although Western redcedar is still available at moderate to low prices, it is believed to be on its way to becoming scarce. Current demands are far greater than the time required for the tree to regenarate. Environment profile: Widespread Tree size: Tree height is 30-40 m
Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWell defined, White to yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMedium coarse to coarseand the lusterMedium
Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very durable Odor: Has a characteristic cedary smell and a faint bitter taste
LightInduced Color Change: Lighter Kiln Schedules: UK=H US=T10D4S/T8D3S Fr=7 Drying Defects: Distortion, Slight collapse and honeycomb Ease of Drying: Variable results. Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is unknown Comments: Corrosive PropertiesGeneral finishing qualities are rated as good The wood is acidic and may cause metals, such as iron to corrode. Blunting Effect: Slight dulling effect on cutting tools Boring: Responds well to boring operations Carving: Fair to Good Results
Cutting Resistance: Low resistance to sawing Gluing: Fair to Good Results Mortising: Very good mortising characteristics Moulding: Very good moulding properties Movement in Service: Very good moulding properties Nailing: Holds satisfactorily, Very Good to Excellent Planing: Planes well, to a good finish Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is resistant Resistance to Splitting: Poor
Response to hand tools: Responds well to hand tools Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Veneering qualities: Suitable for slicing, There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits Steam bending: Poor
Screwing: Screwing yields good results, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Very good
Painting: Good; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy;
Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Max. crushing strength = low 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low 1 Bending strength (MOR) = low 1 Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low 0 Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Bending strength (MOR) = very low Hardness (side grain) = very soft Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Western redcedar is highly suitable for ladder-poles because of its light weight, strength, straight grain, and freedom from knots. The wood is also known for its high rot resistance, and is a primary choice for shingles. It is also highly favored for siding, fenceposts, and other outdoor uses. The exceptionally light-weight wood is very strong. Its straight grain and moderate hardness are reported to combine to make it a very desirable material to work to very precise dimensions Armstrong, F.H.,1960,The Strength Properties of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, London Bulletin,No.45Arno, J. 1989. Thuja plicata - Western redcedar. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 345-347.Bendsten, B.A.,1972,Important Structural Properties of Four Western Softwoods: White Pine,,Sugar Pine, Western Redcedar, Port-Orford Cedar,USDA Forest Service Research Paper FPL191Betts, H.S.,1945,American Woods - Western Red Cedar,USDA, Forest Service American WoodsBolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. AustraliaBoone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Brown, H.P. and Panshin, A.J.,1940,Commercial Timbers of the United States Their structure, identification,,properties and uses,McGraw-Hill, LondonBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World: - No.7 North America,TRADABrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 6 Europe,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesCanadian Forestry Service. 1981.Canadian Woods - Their Properties and Uses. Third Edition. E.J. Mullins and T.S. McKnight, Editors. Published by University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada.Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonDallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. LondonEdlin, H.L. 1969.What Wood is That?: A Manual of Wood Identification. A Studio Book, The Viking Press, New York.Findlay, W.P.K.,1975,Timber: Properties and Uses,Crosby Lockwood Staples London,224PPForest Products Research Laboratory U.K.,1957,A Handbook of Softwoods,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products ResearchHoward, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingJackson, A. and D. Day.1991.Good Wood Handbook - The Woodworker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood.Betterway Publications, Cincinnati, Ohio.Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color.Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Little, E.L.1980.The Audobon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Western Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Markwardt, L.J., Wilson, T.R.C.,1935,Strength and related properties of woods grown in the United States,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin,No.479Mullins, E.J. and McKnight, T.S.,1981,Canadian Woods Their Properties and Uses,University of Toronto Press 3rd EditionPanshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRedding, L.W.,1971,Resistance of Timbers to Impregnation with Creosote,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Bulletin No.54 pp.43Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonRijsdijk, L.F. and Laming, P.B.,1994,Physical and Related Properties of 145 Timbers, Information for,Practice,TNO Building and Construction Research Centre for Timber Research Kluwer,Academic PublishersSmith, D.N.,1959,The Natural Durability of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Record,No.30T.R.A.D.A.,1942,Home-grown timber trees - their characteristics, cultivation and Uses,TRADAThe Australian Timber Journal & Building Products, Merchandiser,1969,Timber Durability and Preservation,Supplement to Australian Timber Journal 35(4) Tech. Timb. Guide No.8Thomas, A.V.,1964,Timbers Used in the Boat Building Industry A Survey,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,LaboratoryTimber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionU.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Western Wood Products Association.19__.Softwoods of the Western USA.Published and Distributed by the Western Wood Products Association, Yeon Building, 522 S.W. Fifth Avenue, Portland, Oregon.Wolcott, G.N.,1950,An Index to the Termite Resistance of Woods,Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Puerto Rico Bulletin,No.85Wood, A.D.,1963,Plywoods of the World: Their Development, Manufacture and,Application,Johnston & Bacon Ltd. Edinburgh & London |
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