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Gota gamar
Gota gamar (Trewia nudiflora)

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Common names: Gota gamar, Gutel, Ma-fo, Malam kumbil, Mera, Nai kumbil, Pambara kumbil, Pita gola, Pitali, Sanna thuvarei

Distributed in: Bangladesh, Burma, India, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boxes and crates, Carvings, Light construction, Matches, Musical instruments: percussion, Plywood, Textile equipment

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMediumand the lusterSlightly lustrous

Natural durability: Resistant to powder post beetles, Susceptible to insect attack

Ease of Drying: Moderately Difficult to Difficult

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is buttressed

Cutting Resistance: Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy

Response to hand tools: Easy to machine



  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 416 kg/m3
Bending Strength 303 464 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 100 188 kg/cm2
Hardness 298 kg
Impact Strength 55 cm
Shearing Strength 62 kg/cm2
Stiffness 71 84 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage %
Weight kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 4310 6606 psi
Density 26 lbs/ft3
Hardness 657 lbs
Impact Strength 22 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 1432 2675 psi
Shearing Strength 882 psi
Stiffness 1017 1199 1000 psi
Weight 25 23 lbs/ft3

Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft.
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low
Max. crushing strength = low
Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low
Hardness (side grain) = very soft
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Bending strength (MOR) = very low
Bending strength (MOR) = low

Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government PressGamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. LondonMohammed Mohiuddin,1990,Wood Anatomy of six low density Hardwoods (Alstonia scholaris,,Anthocephalus chinensis, Bombax ceiba, Bombax insigne, Excoecaria,agallocha and Trewia nudiflora) of Bangladesh,Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong, Bulletin 9 Wood Anatomy,SeriesPearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 volsSekhar, A.C., Negi, G.S.,1962,A note on physical and mechanical properties of Trevia nudiflora (gutel,Indian Forester 88(5) pp376-7Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6Whitmore, T.C.,1973,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 2,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries Malaysia
*Come interpretare i dati (manleva su eventuali imprecisioni)