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Abo
Abo (Uapaca guineensis)

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Common names: Abo, Alaba, Alebie, Alobo, Alohowa, Alohua, Alokaba, Alokoba, An-lil, Assam, Be-yo, Biyo, Borikio, Bosenge, Bou-rikio, Dombe, Dumbe, E-lil, Edan, Elehowa, Elekhua, Emido, False mahogany, Gag-assam, Gondi, Ile, Ishase, Jagale, Kaango, Kafaffago, Kafafogo, Kahie, Kahio, Kajafogo, Kayo, Kindi, Koe-lil, Kondi, Kondii, Koondi, Kulil, Kundi, Kuntad, Kuntan, Kwintan, Me-kundi, Mole, Mukusu, Mulengu, Mutakale, N'nan, N'sanvi, Nere-kere, Nja-kundi, Nsanvi, Obia, Obubit nkpenek, Okon, Onye, Oreng, Oriang, Orobo, Oyen, Red cedar, Rikio, Senchi, Shasun, Soang-nasa, Sofiro, Some, Somo, Somon, Suang, Sugar plum, Tiom'bi, Tshilengu, Tuo-le, Umpwenek, Voapaca, Yere, Yeye

Distributed in: Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Zaire (Africa)

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Canoes, Charcoal, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Millwork, Mine timbers, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts

Environment profile: Endangered

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm

Colors: the heart isRed, Reddish brownand the sapwoodPinkish, White to yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMedium coarse to coarseand the lusterLustrous

Natural durability: Susceptible to marine borer attack, Very durable

Odor: Has an odor

LightInduced Color Change: None

Drying Defects: Distortion

Ease of Drying: Thick Stock Requires Care

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is unknown

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Moderate

Boring: Difficult

Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: Fair to Good , Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Planing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Response to hand tools: Responds Readily

Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Veneering qualities: Diifficult to veneer, Drying degrade is often moderate to severe, with collapse, buckles, and splilts

Steam bending: Very Good to Excellent Results

Screwing: Fair to Good Results, Fairly Easy to Very Easy; Turning: Difficult to turn

Painting: Good; Polishing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy; Staining: Fairly Easy to Very Easy;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 689 kg/m3
Bending Strength 837 1281 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 345 532 kg/cm2
Hardness 449 kg
Impact Strength 119 cm
Shearing Strength 93 kg/cm2
Stiffness 111 129 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Weight 673 544 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 11916 18226 psi
Density 43 lbs/ft3
Hardness 992 lbs
Impact Strength 47 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 4911 7579 psi
Shearing Strength 1334 psi
Stiffness 1589 1835 1000 psi
Weight 42 34 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 13 %

Max. crushing strength = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Max. crushing strength = high
Shrinkage, Volumetric = large
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = high
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Hardness (side grain) = very soft
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = very high

Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Cooper, G.P., Record, S.J.,1931,The Evergreen Forests of Liberia,Yale School Forestry Bulletin,31,pp1-153Dudek, S.,1981,Lesser Known Liberian Timber Species,German Agency for Technical Cooperation GermanyEggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaErfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFouarge, J.,1950,Appropriation de Bois Congolais aux Besoins de la Metropole,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.38I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingIrvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonKeay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, IbadanKennedy, J.D.,1936,Forest Flora of Southern Nigeria,Government Printer LagosKryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5Pieters, A.,1977,Essences Forestieres du Zaire,R.U.G. Gent BelguimSallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T.Savill, P.S., Fox, J.E.D.,1967,Trees of Sierra LeoneTack, C.H.,1969,Uganda Timbers,Govt. Printer UgandaTakahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Taylor, C.J.,1960,Synecology and Silviculture in Ghana,University College of Ghana Thomas Nelson and SonsUnwin, A.H.,1920,West African Forests and Forestry,T. Fisher Unwin Ltd. LondonVoorhoeve, A.G.,1965,Liberian High Forest Trees,Centre for Agric. Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen
*Come interpretare i dati (manleva su eventuali imprecisioni)