Abo (Uapaca guineensis)
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Common names: Abo, Alaba, Alebie, Alobo, Alohowa, Alohua, Alokaba, Alokoba, An-lil, Assam, Be-yo, Biyo, Borikio, Bosenge, Bou-rikio, Dombe, Dumbe, E-lil, Edan, Elehowa, Elekhua, Emido, False mahogany, Gag-assam, Gondi, Ile, Ishase, Jagale, Kaango, Kafaffago, Kafafogo, Kahie, Kahio, Kajafogo, Kayo, Kindi, Koe-lil, Kondi, Kondii, Koondi, Kulil, Kundi, Kuntad, Kuntan, Kwintan, Me-kundi, Mole, Mukusu, Mulengu, Mutakale, N'nan, N'sanvi, Nere-kere, Nja-kundi, Nsanvi, Obia, Obubit nkpenek, Okon, Onye, Oreng, Oriang, Orobo, Oyen, Red cedar, Rikio, Senchi, Shasun, Soang-nasa, Sofiro, Some, Somo, Somon, Suang, Sugar plum, Tiom'bi, Tshilengu, Tuo-le, Umpwenek, Voapaca, Yere, Yeye
Distributed in: Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Zaire (Africa)
Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Canoes, Charcoal, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Millwork, Mine timbers, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts
Environment profile: Endangered
Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm
Colors: the heart isRed, Reddish brownand the sapwoodPinkish, White to yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMedium coarse to coarseand the lusterLustrous
Natural durability: Susceptible to marine borer attack, Very durable
Odor: Has an odor
LightInduced Color Change: None
Drying Defects: Distortion
Ease of Drying: Thick Stock Requires Care
Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is unknown
Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good
Blunting Effect: Moderate
Boring: Difficult
Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw
Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Nailing: Fair to Good , Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Planing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable
Response to hand tools: Responds Readily
Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Veneering qualities: Diifficult to veneer, Drying degrade is often moderate to severe, with collapse, buckles, and splilts
Steam bending: Very Good to Excellent Results
Screwing: Fair to Good Results, Fairly Easy to Very Easy; Turning: Difficult to turn
Painting: Good; Polishing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy; Staining: Fairly Easy to Very Easy;
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
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Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
|
|
|
Density |
|
689 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
837 |
1281 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
345 |
532 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
449 |
kg |
Impact Strength |
|
119 |
cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
93 |
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
111 |
129 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
9 |
|
% |
Radial Shrinkage |
5 |
|
% |
Weight |
673 |
544 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
|
|
cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
|
|
cm-kg |
Static Bending |
|
|
kg/cm2 |
|
 |  |  |  | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 11916 | 18226 | psi | Density | | 43 | lbs/ft3 | Hardness | | 992 | lbs | Impact Strength | | 47 | inches | Maximum Crushing Strength | 4911 | 7579 | psi | Shearing Strength | | 1334 | psi | Stiffness | 1589 | 1835 | 1000 psi | Weight | 42 | 34 | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 5 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 9 | | % | Volumetric Shrinkage | 13 | | % | |
Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Hardness (side grain) = soft Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shrinkage, Tangential = large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Max. crushing strength = high Shrinkage, Volumetric = large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Hardness (side grain) = very soft Hardness (side grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = very high
Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Cooper, G.P., Record, S.J.,1931,The Evergreen Forests of Liberia,Yale School Forestry Bulletin,31,pp1-153Dudek, S.,1981,Lesser Known Liberian Timber Species,German Agency for Technical Cooperation GermanyEggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaErfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFouarge, J.,1950,Appropriation de Bois Congolais aux Besoins de la Metropole,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.38I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingIrvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonKeay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, IbadanKennedy, J.D.,1936,Forest Flora of Southern Nigeria,Government Printer LagosKryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5Pieters, A.,1977,Essences Forestieres du Zaire,R.U.G. Gent BelguimSallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T.Savill, P.S., Fox, J.E.D.,1967,Trees of Sierra LeoneTack, C.H.,1969,Uganda Timbers,Govt. Printer UgandaTakahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Taylor, C.J.,1960,Synecology and Silviculture in Ghana,University College of Ghana Thomas Nelson and SonsUnwin, A.H.,1920,West African Forests and Forestry,T. Fisher Unwin Ltd. LondonVoorhoeve, A.G.,1965,Liberian High Forest Trees,Centre for Agric. Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen
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