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Slippery elmSlippery elm
Slippery elm (Ulmus rubra)

Family:

Common names: Elm, Gray elm, Red elm, Slippery elm, Soft elm

Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America)

Distribution overview: The growth range of Slippery elm in North America extends from southern Ontario east to extreme southern Quebec and southwest Maine, south to northwest Florida, west to central Texas, and north to southeast North Dakota. It is often found in hardwood forests, particularly on lower slopes and flood plains, but often on dry uplands. It thrives on moist soils.

Common uses: Baskets, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Casks, Cooperages, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Farm vehicles, Figured veneer, Food containers, Interior construction, Interior trim, Machinery parts, Millwork, Moldings, Packing cases, Pallets, Plywood, Skids, Trimming, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Wainscotting, Wheels

Product sources: The timber is commonly mixed and sold together with American elm under the trade name 'Elm' or 'Soft elm'. Prices are in the moderate range and supplies are high.

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isDark brown, Yellowand the sapwoodLight brown, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureFineand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Susceptible to attack by fungi, Very little natural resistance

Odor: No characteristic taste

Silica Content: Siliceous

Kiln Schedules: T6 - D4 (4/4) US

Drying Defects: Distortion, Warping can be expected

Ease of Drying: Medium to High Shrinkage Air-Seasons at a more rapid rate than most woods, but requires low temperatures in kiln drying

Comments: Wood contains yellow and orange compounds, which can be removed with benezene

Boring: Bores well, although heavy, strong, and very tough

Cutting Resistance: Woolly

Mortising: Easy to mortise

Nailing: Good nailing properties, Holds nails well

Planing: Irregular grain interferes

Resistance to Impregnation: Responds well to treatment

Sanding: Satisfactory

Steam bending: Excellent response

Screwing: Possible if prebored ; Turning: Wild grain requires some care in turning operations

Polishing: Fair to Good; Staining: Responds well to conventional finishes ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,47 0,56
Density kg/m3
Bending Strength 558 847 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 32 60 kg/cm2
Hardness 382 kg
Impact Strength 152 170 cm
Shearing Strength 112 kg/cm2
Stiffness 85 103 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 10 %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 865 608 kg/m3
Maximum Load 1,26 1,26 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending 268 310 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 7938 12054 psi
Crushing Strength 461 862 psi
Hardness 843 lbs
Impact Strength 60 67 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3317 5836 psi
Shearing Strength 1597 psi
Static Bending 3822 4410 psi
Stiffness 1220 1470 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 18 18 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.47 0.56
Weight 54 38 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 10 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 15 %

Strenght properties are good, average resistance to shock and abrasion

Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Canadian Forestry Service. 1981.Canadian Woods - Their Properties and Uses. Third Edition. E.J. Mullins and T.S. McKnight, Editors. Published by University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada.Kline, M. 1986. Ulmus rubra - Slippery elm. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 357.Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Konpf, New York.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
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