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Rock elm
Rock elm (Ulmus thomasii)

Family:

Common names: Canadian cork elm, Canadian rock elm, Cork elm, Elm, Hickory elm, Rock elm

Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America)

Distribution overview: This North American species occurs from southern Ontario, extreme southern Quebec and western New England southward to Tennessee, west to the far northeastern Kansas, and north to Minnesota. It grows in hardwood forests, and prefers moist to dry upland soils, especially rocky ridges and limestone bluffs. It is also reported to grow on flatlands.

Common uses: Baskets, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Casks, Cooperages, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Farm vehicles, Figured veneer, Food containers, Interior construction, Interior trim, Machinery parts, Millwork, Moldings, Packing cases, Pallets, Plywood, Skids, Trimming, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Wainscotting, Wheels

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Tree height is 30-40 m

Colors: the heart isRed, Yellowand the sapwoodRed, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureModerately fineand the lusterLow

Natural durability: Resistant to decay, Susceptible to insect attack

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: T6-B3(4/4)

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly

Drying Defects: Checking, Warping can be expected

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Blunting Effect: Moderate effect

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw

Gluing: Glues well

Nailing: Growth rings fairly distinct , Holds satisfactorily

Planing: Yields a clean surface

Resistance to Impregnation: Heartwood is resistant

Response to hand tools: Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work

Steam bending: Very good

Screwing: Satisfactory characteristics ;

Polishing: Fair to Good; Staining: Stains well ; Varnishing: Satisfactory ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,57 0,63
Density kg/m3
Bending Strength 644 1071 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 45 87 kg/cm2
Hardness 586 kg
Impact Strength 149 175 cm
Shearing Strength 132 kg/cm2
Stiffness 87 120 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Weight 881 801 kg/m3
Maximum Load 1,33 1,61 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending 316 558 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 9163 15239 psi
Crushing Strength 652 1250 psi
Hardness 1294 lbs
Impact Strength 59 69 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3822 6997 psi
Shearing Strength 1882 psi
Static Bending 4508 7938 psi
Stiffness 1250 1710 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 19 23 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.57 0.63
Weight 55 50 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 14 %

Heavy
Described as hard. High strength and shcok resistance

Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Canadian Forestry Service. 1981.Canadian Woods - Their Properties and Uses. Third Edition. E.J. Mullins and T.S. McKnight, Editors. Published by University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada.Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Rendle, B.J. Editor. 1969. World Timbers, Volume Two - North & South America (Including Central America and the West Indies). Published by Ernest Benn Limited, Bouverie House, Fleet Street, London.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
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