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Ajakarna
Ajakarna (Vateria indica)

Family: Dipterocarpaceae

Common names: Ajakarna, Bilidupa, Damar blanche, Damar tree, Damar white, Dhup maram, Dhup white, Dhupa, Dhupa paini, Dhupa-paini, Dhupada, Dupa-mara, Gugle, Hal, Illupathla, Illupothla, Indian copal, Indian copal tree, Kondricam, Maddi dhupa, Maddi-dhupa, Malabar whie piney, Munda dupa, Munda-dhupa, Paini, Paini mara, Payani, Payin, Perum piney, Piney du malabar, Piney maram, Piney varnish tree, Piney-maram, Sal-dhupa, The piney varnish, Vallay-kungiliam, Valley kungiliam, Velapiney, Vella kondrikam, Vella-hondrikam, Vella-paine, Vella-payin, Vellai kandrikan, Vellapine, Vellapiney, Vellei kundrikam, Vellei-kuntrikam, Velthapaini, White damar tree, White dammer of Southern India, White dhup

Distributed in: India (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Common uses: Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Chemical derivatives, Flooring, Heavy construction, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Matches, Millwork, Mine timbers, Plywood, Plywood: veneer (marine), Toys

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm

Colors: the heart isWhite, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite, White to yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterLustrous

Natural durability: Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack, Susceptible to insect attack

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries quickly

Drying Defects: Distortion, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Moulding: Fair to Good

Movement in Service: Fair to Good

Nailing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Planing: Fair to Good

Resistance to Impregnation: Permeable sapwood

Response to hand tools: Easy to machine

Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy

Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy ;

Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 560 kg/m3
Bending Strength 542 849 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 233 391 kg/cm2
Hardness kg
Impact Strength 55 cm
Shearing Strength kg/cm2
Stiffness 117 135 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Weight 544 432 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 7711 12078 psi
Density 35 lbs/ft3
Impact Strength 22 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3324 5570 psi
Stiffness 1665 1923 1000 psi
Weight 34 27 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Tangential Shrinkage 10 %

Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Max. crushing strength = medium
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = low

Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government PressFundter, J.M.,1982,Names for Dipterocarp timbers and trees from Asia,Pudoc, Wageningen, NetherlandsGamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. LondonKadambi, K.,1957,Vateria indica Lina,Indian Forester 83(5) pp317-23Nazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 volsSekhar, A.C.,1967,Some Indian Timbers Equivalent to Foreign Timbers,Van Vigyan 5(1&2,pp18-24Sweet, C.V.,1922,Further experiments in the air-seasoning of Indian timbers and general,recommendations as to seasoning methods.,Indian Forest Records IX part V, Delhi, IndiaTewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6
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