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Light virola (Virola koschnyi)
Family: Myristicaceae Common names: Baboen, Bbun, Banak, Bastard cedar, Bicuiba, Cajuco, Colorada, Fruta dorada, Fruta dorda, Ira rosa, Light virola, Miguelarillo, Palo de sangre, Sangre, Sangre de toro, Sangre palo, Sangredrago, Sebo, Tapsava, Virola Distributed in: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama (Central America) Distribution overview: The genus Virola is represented by about 38 tree species in the mixed hardwood forests of Central and South America. The species are distributed from Belize and Guatemala, southward to Venezuela, the Guianas, the Amazon region of northern Brazil, southern Brazil and on the Pacific Coast, to Peru and Bolivia. They are commonly found in swamps and marshy areas. V. koschnyi grows primarily in Central America, from Honduras and Guatemala to Panama.Profile SourcesSome material from this species is available from environmentally responsible or sustainably managed sources. The ITTO reports that a very important source of timber for export. Common uses: Bedroom suites, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Cigar boxes, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Cooperages, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Matchboxes, Matches, Millwork, Moldings, Office furniture, Packing cases, Paneling, Particleboard, Plywood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Shingles, Sills, Stools, Tables , Toothpicks, Trimming, Utility furniture, Veneer Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed
Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureUniformand the lusterMedium
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Vulnerable to attack by powder-post beetles Odor: No specific smell or taste
LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3 Kiln Drying Rate: Slow (18-28 days for boards < 32 mm, to 52-84 days for boards >= 63 mm) Drying Defects: Slight twist/warp, Warping can be expected Ease of Drying: Moderate Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: Free of knots and other defects. Reported to yield red sap which flows like blood when cutGeneral finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect: Slight effect Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Carving: Fair to Good Results Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising: good Moulding: Satisfactory properties Movement in Service: Satisfactory properties Nailing: Possible if prebored, Resists splitting Planing: Yields a clean surface Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Resistance to Splitting: Poor Response to hand tools: Responds well Routing recessing: Satisfactory routing results Sanding: Yields smooth, clean surfaces Veneering qualities: Suitable for slicing, There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits Steam bending: Very poor
Screwing: Good screw holding properties, Screwing yields good results; Turning: Yields smooth, clean surface.
Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Stains well; Varnishing: Satisfactory
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Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Hardness (side grain) = very soft 1 Crushing strength = medium 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Crushing strength = low Work to Maximum Load = very low Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Armstrong, F.H.,1960,The Strength Properties of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, London Bulletin,No.45Belize,1946,42 Secondary Hardwood Timbers of British Honduras,British Honduras Forest Department Bulletin,No.1Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA., Forest Service, Preliminary Copy, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Brazier, J.D., Franklin, G.L.,1967,An Appraisal of the Wood Characteristics and Potential Uses of some,Nicaraguan Timbers,FAO for Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughBrown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 9 Central America and the Caribbean,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesCAOBA International, San Francisco, California. 1993. Personal Communication.Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme.1990.Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonClifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1933,Major tests on Empire Timbers: Properties of Banak, Virola merendonis,pitter from British Honduras,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research Project 24 Investigation 5 (unpublished)Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1967,The Steam Bending Properties of various timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Leaflet,No.45HMSO.1981.Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition.Revised by R. H. Farmer.Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods LaboratoryKukachka, B.F.,1962,Characters of Some Imported Woods,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Foreign Wood Series,No.2242Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Lavers, G.M. 1966. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207Record, S.J. and R.W. Hess. 1943. Timbers of the New World. Published on the Charles Lathrop Pack Foundation, Yale University Press, New Haven CT.Record, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. PressRecord, S.J.,1927,Trees of Honduras,Tropical Woods,10, pp10-47Redding, L.W.,1971,Resistance of Timbers to Impregnation with Creosote,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Bulletin No.54 pp.43Sallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23Slooten van der et al, N.J.,1970,Maderas latinoamericanas III Podocarpus standleyi, Podocarpus oleifolius,,Drimys granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanox pittieri,Turrialba 20(1) pp105-115Slooten, H.J. van der, Gonzalez, M.E.,1970,Mederas Latinoamericanos 5 Carapa sp., Virola koschnyi, Terminalia lucida,y Brosimim costaricanum,Turrialba,20(4,pp503-10Smith, D.N.,1959,The Natural Durability of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Record,No.30Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Timber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA]Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionU.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operator's Manual - Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Volkart, C.,1965,Recopilacion dedatos sobre propiedacies y usos maderos del Bosque Tropical,de las Costa Atlantica de Nicaragua,Turrialba,15(1, pp43-57Wangaard, F.F., et al,1954,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 4,Tropical Woods,14(99, pp1-187WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Plants Programme, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series |
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