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Light virola (Virola surinamensis)
Family: Myristicaceae Common names: Anakin, Andiroba, Baboen, Baboenhout, Baboenoedoe, Baboon, Baboonhout, Baboonwood, Babun, Banak, Becuiba, Bicuhyba, Bogamani, Bucuiba, Cajuca, Cajuea, Camala, Camaticaro, Cebo, Cedrillo, Chaliviande, Chalviande, Couaie, Cuajo, Cumala, Dalli, Dallie, Dollywood, Guingamadou, Guinguamadou, Irikwa, Kilikowa, Light virola, Mandalli, Moonba, Moulomba, Moussigot, Muscadier a grive, Nuanamo, Nutlet, Palo de Sangre, Pintri, Quinquamadou, Sangre, Sangre Colorado, Sangrino, Sebo, Shempo, Swamp dalli, Ucuhuba, Ucuuba, Ucuuba branca, Virola, Waroesi, We, Wild nutmeg, Y. Marccage., Yamadou, Yamamadou, Yayamadou de marecage, Yayamadou marecage Distributed in: Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Netherlands, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: The genus Virola consists of about 38 small to large trees that are common in the mixed hardwood forests of Central and South America. The species are distributed from Belize and Guatemala southward to Venezuela, the Guianas, the Amazon region of northern Brazil, southern Brazil as well as on the Pacific Coast, to Peru and Bolivia. The most widely distributed of the species, V. surinamensis , occurs in some of the Lesser Antilles, Trinidad, the Guianas, southern Venezuela, and parts of Brazil. Common uses: Beams, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Cigar boxes, Coffins, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Construction, Cooperages, Decks, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Food containers, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Marine construction, Matchboxes, Matches, Millwork, Moldings, Paneling, Particleboard, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Posts, Veneer Product sources: The ITTO reports that the species is a very important source of timber for export. The timber is imported from Brazil into United States, Eastern Europe, Japan, Venezuela, and Canada. The large quantities of Ucuhuba seeds exported from the Para State in Brazil are produced by V. surinamensis . Environment profile: Status unknown in many of its growth areas
Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellowand the sapwoodColor not distinct from heartwood, Paler than heartwood.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterSlightly lustrous
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Susceptible to marine borer attack Odor: No specific smell or taste
LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: UK=D US=T3D2/T3C1 Kiln Drying Rate: Slow (18-28 days for boards < 32 mm, to 52-84 days for boards >= 63 mm) Drying Defects: No surface checking, Slight spring/bow Ease of Drying: Reconditioning Treatement Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as poor Red bark contains red sap lflows like blood Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on machining is slight
Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw Gluing: Good properties Mortising: good Moulding: Good moulding properties Movement in Service: Good moulding properties Nailing: Holds satisfactorily, Resists splitting Planing: Yields a clean surface Resistance to Impregnation: Heartwood is permeable
Preservative absorption in the heartwood is adequate
Resistance to Splitting: Good
Response to hand tools: Works readily with handtools Routing recessing: Recess without difficulty Sanding: Yields smooth, clean surfaces
Veneering qualities: Suitable for peeling, Suitable for slicing Steam bending: Poor
Buckle severely when compressed
Screwing: Good screw holding properties, Good screwing properties; Turning: Good results
Painting: Satisfactory; Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Stains well; Varnishing: Satisfactory;
Hardness (side grain) = very soft 0 Bending strength (MOR) = low 0 Shrinkage, Tangential = large 0 Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. 1 Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Hardness (side grain) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Compression strength (parallel to grain) = low Bending strength (MOR) = high High density Bena, P.,1960,Essences Forestieres de Guyane,Bureau Agricole et Forestier Guyanais GuyanaBerni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBodig, J. and B. A. Jayne. 1982. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1955,Baboen (Virola sp.,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,No.39,pp25-8Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1984,Yayamadou Marecage - Virola surinamensis Warb.,Bois et Forets des Tropiques Vol. 203 p.60Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA., Forest Service, Preliminary Copy, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Brazil -, I.B.D.F.,1980,Woods from Tucurui - characteristics and application,The Ag. Ministry Brazilian Institute for Forest DevelopmentBrooks, R.L., et al,1941,Durability tests on Untreated Timbers in Trinidad,Caribbean Forester,2(3,pp101-119Brown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 9 Central America and the Caribbean,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesCarter, D.T.,1943,The Manufacture of shingles from local woods in Trinidad and Tobago,Caribbean Forester,4(3,pp107-11Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme.1990.Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonErfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1France - C.T.F.T.,1966,Bois Tropicaux,C.T.F.T. Publ.,12Garratt, G.A.,1933,Systematic anatomy of the woods of the Myristicacaeae,Tropical Woods,5(35,pp6-48Hoheisel, H.,1968,Identification of some Colombian wood Sp. and their possible use on the,basis of physical and mechanical properties,Latin American Forest Research and Training Institute, Merida VenezualaKukachka, B.F.,1962,Characters of Some Imported Woods,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Foreign Wood Series,No.2242Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207Loureiro, A.A., Freitas da Silva, M.,1968,Catalogo das Madeiras da Amazonia (2 vols,Min. do Ultramar Belem BrasilMainieri, C.,1971,25 Madeiras da Amazonia de Valor Comercial, Caracterizacas macroscopia,,usos comuns e indices qualificativos,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Publ., No.798Marshall, R.C.,1934,Trees of Trinidad and Tobago,Government Printer Port of Spain TrinidadMartin-Lavigne, E.,1909,Recherches sur les Bois de la Guyane,Vigot Freres ParisMell, C.D.,1937,Properties and uses of Baboon or Banak wood,Veneers - Plywood 31(9) pp9-10Polak, A.M.,1992,Major Timber Trees of Guyana A Field Guide,The Tropenbos Foundation Wageningen, The NetherlandsRecord, S.J. and R.W. Hess. 1943. Timbers of the New World. Published on the Charles Lathrop Pack Foundation, Yale University Press, New Haven CT.Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRecord, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. PressSallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T.Sao Paulo - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas,1956,Tabelas de Resultados obtidos para Madeiras Nacionais,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Bol., No.31(2nd Ed.)Slooten, H.J. van der, Gonzalez, M.E.,1970,Mederas Latinoamericanos 5 Carapa sp., Virola koschnyi, Terminalia lucida,y Brosimim costaricanum,Turrialba,20(4,pp503-10Surinam Forest Service,1952,Surinam Timber - A Summary with brief descriptions of the main timber,species of Surinam,Surinam Forest ServiceTakahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Teixeira, D. E., M. A. E. Santana and M. Rabelo de Souza.1988. Amazonian Timbers for the International Market.ITTO Technical Series 1.Brazilian Institute for Forestry Development, Brazil.U.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operator's Manual - Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Vink, A.T.,1965,Surinam Timbers,Surinam Forest Service Paramaribo,3rd rev. ed.Wangaard, F.F., et al,1954,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 4,Tropical Woods,14(99, pp1-187WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Plants Programme, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.Wolcott, G.N.,1950,An Index to the Termite Resistance of Woods,Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Puerto Rico Bulletin,No.85 |
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