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PNG VitexPNG Vitex
PNG Vitex (Vitex cofassus)

Family: Verbenaceae

Common names: Afas, Ahsang, Anoano, Asang bitum, Bai-ah, Banafat, Banohoera, Beso, Biti, Bitum, Boepasa, Chan vit, Chan-vit, Fata, Garamut, Gawasa, Gofassa, Gupasa, Haleban, Hasara, Hata, Ka-ar, Katonde, Katondeng, Kulim papa, Kyeto, Leban, Milla, Molave, New Guinea teak, New Guinea vitex, Pasal, Solomons vitex, Taruma, Tato-o, Teen-nok, Vada, Vasa, Vasara, Vata, Vitex

Distributed in: Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Vietnam (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: The genus Vitex is very well represented throughout the Indo-Malayan region, including the Western Pacific Islands. The growth range of V. cofassus includes Papua New Guinea.

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bearings & bushings, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: framing, Boat building: planking, Bridge beams, Bridge construction, Bridge joists, Building construction, Building materials, Bushing blocks, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Decks, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Farm vehicles, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Foundation posts, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Machinery parts, Mine timbers, Musical instruments: percussion, Oars, Office furniture, Piling, Plywood, Posts, Railroad ties, Shipbuilding, Sills, Stairworks, Turnery, Veneer

Product sources: The species is one of the major sources of timber in Papua New Guinea.

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm

Colors: the heart isRed, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterSlightly lustrous

Natural durability: Susceptible to marine borer attack, Very durable

Odor: No specific smell or taste Sometimes leathery odor

Kiln Schedules: Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid

Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Drying Defects: Moderate end spitting, Slight twist/warp

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is misshapen

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Moderate

Boring: Satisfactory properties

Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw

Gluing: Moderate gluing properties

Mortising: Satisfactory mortising properties

Moulding: Good finishing

Movement in Service: Good finishing

Nailing: Good nailing properties, Holds satisfactorily

Planing: Yields a clean surface

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is moderately resistant

Response to hand tools: Responds Readily

Routing recessing: Routing rated as fair

Sanding: Satisfactory sanding results

Steam bending: Good

Screwing: Good screwing properties, Screwing yields satisfactory results; Turning: Turns with moderate ease

Painting: Satisfactory; Polishing: Fair to Good; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Satisfactory ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,6 0,67
Density 753 kg/m3
Bending Strength 759 1100 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 109 kg/cm2
Hardness 514 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 159 kg/cm2
Stiffness 113 134 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 35 %
Weight 737 544 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 118 cm-kg
Static Bending 559 778 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 10809 15652 psi
Crushing Strength 1553 psi
Density 47 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1135 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 6440 8983 psi
Shearing Strength 2271 psi
Static Bending 7958 11074 psi
Stiffness 1614 1912 1000 psi
Toughness 103 inch-lbs
Specific Gravity 0.6 0.67
Weight 46 34 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3.5 %
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %

Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Crushing strength = high
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Crushing strength = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Bending strength (MOR) = high

Bolza, E. and N.H. Kloot. 1966. The Mechanical Properties of 81 New Guinea Timbers. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper No. 41, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Organization, Melbourne, Australia.Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1976,The Mechanical Properties of 81 New Guinea Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Res. Tec.Paper (2nd series) 11Bolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBudgen, B.,1981,Shrinkage and density of some Australian and South-East Asian Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. building Res. Tech Paper(2nd Series) No.38Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Da Costa, E.W.B., Osborne, L.D.,1967,Comparative decay resistance of 26 New Guinea timber species in,accelerated laboratory tests,Comm. Forestry Review 46(1) pp63-74Eddowes, P.J. 1977. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea - Their Properties and Uses. Forest Products Research Center, Office of Forests, Department of Primary Industry, Papua New Guinea.Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New GuineaKeating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A.Papua New Guinea Department of Forests,1972,New Horizons,Forestry in Papua New Guinea,Jacaranda Press PTY Ltd, BrisbanePleydell, G.J.,1970,Timbers of the British Solomon Islands,United Africa Company (Timber) Ltd, LondonSolomon Islands,1976,Solomon Islands Timbers - Major Species,For Div. Min. Nat. Resources, Honiara, Timber Booklet 1The Ecological Trading Company Limited (ETC, Newcastle upon Tyre, United Kingdom.
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