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Pyinkado (Xylia xylocarpa)
Family: Leguminosae Common names: Boja, Bojeh, Cam xe, Eruvalu, Irul, Irummala, Jamba, Jambe, Jambu, Kada, Kadamaram, Konda tangedu, Kongora, Mai-sa-lan, Mai-sak, Orjori, Panga, Pangali, Pegu ironwood, Pinkado, Pkhay, Praing, Pran, Pyin, Pyinkado, Shilve, Sokram, Suaba, Suria, Tangani, Tangedi, Tangudu, The ironwood of Burma, Tiriwa, Trul, Trumalla, Yerul Distributed in: Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam (Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: Xylia is a small genus of trees distributed in tropical Asia and Africa. X. xylocarpa is common in the forest of the Western Ghats in southern Maharashtra, Mysore, and Kerala in India. Its range is also reported to extend in a scattered manner from Madhya Pradesh eastward to the Esatern Ghats in Orissa and Andra Pradesh, and is locally common in Ganjam. also introduced into West Bengal. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Barge fenders, Boat building (general), Boat building, Bridge beams, Bridge construction, Bridge joists, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Canoes, Chemical derivatives, Construction, Crossties, Decks, Docks, Dockwork, Factory construction, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Golf club heads, Handles: general, Harbor work, Heavy construction, Ladders, Lifeboats, Light construction, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Naval architecture, Piling, Poles, Posts, Raft floats, Rafts, Railroad ties, Shipbuilding, Structural work, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Utility poles, Vehicle parts, Wharf construction Product sources: The bark and oil from the seeds of Irul are used for medicinal purposes. Environment profile: The future survival of this species is at risk Tree size: Trunk diameter is 250-300 cm
Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterHigh
Natural durability: Very durable, Very high natural resistance Odor: No specific smell or taste
LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3 Drying Defects: Slight twist/warp, Warping can be expected Ease of Drying: Reconditioning Treatement Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: Deposits - Wood vessels may contain whitish deposits.General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as good The woods of Irul (X. xylocarpa ) and Pyinkado (X. dolabriformis ) are very similar in structural and other properties, and are very difficult to distinguish. Wood vessels may contain white deposits. Blunting Effect: Moderate Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw Gluing: Fairly difficult to glue Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing: Holds nails well, Poor resistance to decay Planing: Requires sharp cutting edges Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is moderately resistant Response to hand tools: Responds Readily Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding: Fairly good sanding characteristics Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy Steam bending: Fair to Good Results
Screwing: Screwing yields good results, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Rated as excellent ;
Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu.ft 0 Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft 1 Max. crushing strength = high 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Hardness (side grain) = hard Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Max. crushing strength = very high Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low High in density Heavy Hardness (side grain) = very hard Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = very high Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, and E.M. Wengert. 1988.Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods - Temperate and Tropical.United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Chowdhury, K.A. and S.S. Ghosh. 1958. Indian Woods - Their Identification, Properties and Uses, Volume I - Dilleniaceae to Elaeocarpaceae. Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi, India.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonCox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOFoxworthy, F.W., Woolley, H.W.,1930,Durability of Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forest Record,No.8France - C.T.F.T.,Note sur le Camxe (Xylia dolabriformiis Benth,C.T.F.T. Information technique 37Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. LondonHMSO.1972.Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition.Revised by R.H. Farmer.Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Hundley, H.G.,1955,Pyinkado - Xylia dolabriformis,Burmese Forester,5(2, pp131-2Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Khan, S.N.,1967,Natural decay resistance of Indian Timbers IV Decay resistance of ivul,(Xylia xylocarpa) and laurel (Terminalia tomentosa,Indian Forester,93(8,pp567-77Krishnan, E.A.C.F.,1936,Xylia xylocarpa for sleepers,Indian Forester,62(4, pp220-222Limaye, V.D and B.R. Sen 1953. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Forest Research Institute, Indian Forest Records, New Series, Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1., No. 4. Dehra Dun, India.Limaye, V.D. 1954. Grouping of Indian Timbers and Their Properties, Uses, and Suitability. Indian Forest Records (New Series). Timber Mechanics. Volume 1 No. 2. Manager of Publications (Publisher, DelhiLimaye, V.D.,1933,The Physical and Mechanical Properties of woods grown in India (Third,Interim Report on Project 1,Indian Forest Records,18(10,pp1-70Nazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressPearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 volsRamesh, Rao K., Purkayastha, S.K.,1972,Indian Woods - Their Identification Properties and Uses,Dehra Dun India,Vol. 3Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonSallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TTewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionWCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Plants Programme, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.Wood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13 |
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