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West Indian satinwoodWest Indian satinwood
West Indian satinwood (Zanthoxylum flavum)

Family: Rutaceae

Common names: Aceitillo, Bois noyer, Bois noyes, Calibori, Concha satinwood, Espinillo, Harewood, Jamaican satinwood, Kalabarie, Lagartillo, Noyer, Noyes, Pino macho, Prickly ash, San Domingan satinwood, Satine jaune, Satinwood, West Indian satinwood, West Indies satinwood, Yellow sanders, Yellow wood, Yellowheart, Yellowheart prickly ash

Distributed in: Bahamas, Brazil, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Netherlands, Puerto Rico [US], Puerto Rico, United States (Central America, Latin America, North America, Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: The natural growth range and abundance of the species are uncertain, but it is distributed in the Dominican Republic, Bahamas, Bermuda, and southern Florida. It is also found in very small quantities in the protected forests in the serpentine and dry moist limestone regions of western Puerto Rico

Common uses: Bedroom suites, Bobbins, Brush backs & handles, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Core Stock, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Inlay work, Kitchen cabinets, Living-room suites, Marquetry, Office furniture, Ornamental work , Paneling, Picker sticks, Plain veneer, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Shade rollers, Shuttles, Specialty items, Spindles, Spools, Stencil & chisel blocks, Stools, Sucker rods, Tables , Textile equipment, Turnery, Veneer, Veneer: decorative

Product sources: Supplies are extremely limited and the material is very expensive when available. The wood is commercially unavailable. The American species is very scarce, and the Satinwoods mostly found on the market today are substitutes. The two most often encountered are Ceylon Satinwood (Chloroxylon swietenia) and East African satinwood (Fagara macrophylla). Two other species are also occasionally labelled as Satinwood. They are Ayan (Distemonanthus benthamianus) from Africa, and Pau amarello (Euxylophora paraensis) from South America.

Environment profile: Very rare

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureFineand the lusterPronounced

Natural durability: Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera), Susceptible to marine borer attack

Odor: Aroma of coconut oil when freshly cut or worked

LightInduced Color Change: Darker

Kiln Drying Rate: Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast

Drying Defects: Splitting

Ease of Drying: Fairly Easy

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Highly figured material is very showy in appearance, and its yellowish orange color works well in projects when employed in a mixture with other woods that are darker.

Blunting Effect: Medium blunting effect on cuttin tools

Carving: Responds well to carving operations

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Planing: Very difficult to plane

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Response to hand tools: Responds very well to hand tools

Veneering qualities: Good gluing qualities

Turning: Good results

Polishing: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,71
Density 897 kg/m3
Bending Strength kg/cm2
Crushing Strength kg/cm2
Hardness kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength kg/cm2
Stiffness 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 6 %
Weight 881 689 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Density 56 lbs/ft3
Specific Gravity 0.71
Weight 55 43 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 6 %
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %

Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft
Very high weight
Very high density
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = large

Arno, J. 1992.Zanthoxylum flavum - West Indian satinwood. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 360-361.Bolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. AustraliaBritton, N.L., Millspaugh, C.F.,1920,The Bahama Flora,Britton & Millspaugh,New YorkBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 9 Central America and the Caribbean,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Constantine, Jr., A. J. 1959.Know Your Woods - A Complete Guide to Trees, Woods, and Veneers.Revised Edition.Revised by H.J. Hobbs.Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.Cox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughEdmondson, C.H.,1949,Reaction of Woods from S.America and Caribbean areas to Marine Borers in,Hawaiian Waters,Caribbean Foresters,10(1,PP37-41Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOFors, A.J.,1965,Maderas Cubanas,Inst. Nac. Ref. Agraria La HabaraHarrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32Howard, A.L. 1920. A Manual of the Timbers of the World:Their Characteristics and Uses, Third Edition. McMillan and Co., London, 751 pp.Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods LaboratoryLittle, E.L., Wadsworth, F.H.,1964,Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.249Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRecord, S.J. and R.W. Hess. 1943. Timbers of the New World. Published on the Charles Lathrop Pack Foundation, Yale University Press, New Haven CT.Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRecord, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. PressRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonSwabey, C.,1941,The Principal Timbers of Jamaica,Department of Science and Agriculture Jamaica Bulletin No.29Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionWCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Plants Programme, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.Wolcott, G.N.,1940,A List of the Woods arranged according to their resistance to the attack,of,the 'Polilla', the Dry-wood Termite of the West Indies, Cryptotermes,brevis Walker,Caribbean Forester,1(4,PP1-10Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesWood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13
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