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African satinwood (Zanthoxylum gillettii)
Family: Rutaceae Common names: African satinwood, Ahenkyen, Ainyan, Ainyere, Ata, Ata igbo, Atagbo, Atta, Bahe, Berebuno, Bo-sue, Bongo, Dedani, Diongo katoke, East African satinwood, Ehengyeny, Ehine die, Ehyerenkyen, Evongo, Eyeyongo, Fuwi, Gbahe, Gmon, Hanwego, Honwogo, Kalomassumu, Kengue, Kimpanga, Kitutube, Lisumba, Longue, Mafu, Mbahe, Menehane, Muchagasa, Muhono, Mulemankobe, Mungutesende, Munyenye, Mutatembwa, Ntalyerungu, Nungo, Nyakabonde, Oberee, Okankan, Okor, Okoro, Okuo, Okuo oberee, Olon, Olon dur, Olondu, Olonvogo, Omushaga, Oyea, Sagawat, Sagawatiet, Sagawoita, Sagli, Sahlu, Shikhuma, Shongamabele, Shukuma, Su-welui, Ughanghan, Ukhankhan, Uko, Vuongo, Wongo, Yea Distributed in: Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe (Africa) Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Flooring, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Moldings, Musical instruments: percussion, Paneling, Piling, Plywood, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative Tree size: Tree height is 20-30 m
Colors: the heart isRed, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodSame as heartwood, White to yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterPronounced
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Susceptible to marine borer attack LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: UK=F US=T6D4/T3D3 Fr=6 Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying: Moderately Difficult to Difficult Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Gluing: Gluing is often difficult Mortising: Finishes poorly Moulding: Easy to mould
Movement in Service: Easy to mould
Nailing: Easy to nail, Poor to Very Poor Planing: Poor to Very Poor Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Response to hand tools: Variable qualities Sanding: Good sanding finish Veneering qualities: Gluing is often difficult , There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits Steam bending: Good
Screwing: Possible if prebored
; Turning: Good results
Painting: Poor to Very Poor; Polishing: Good; Varnishing: Poor to Very Poor;
Bending strength (MOR) = medium 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium 1 Max. crushing strength = high 1 Hardness (side grain) = soft Bending strength (MOR) = very high Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Shrinkage, Volumetric = large Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Max. crushing strength = very high Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Hardness (side grain) = very hard Hardness (side grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Hardness (side grain) = hard Banks, C.H. and J.P. Schoeman. 1963. Railway Sleeper and Crossing Timbers. Bulletin No. 41, Republic of South Africa. The Government Printer, Pretoria, South Africa.Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaErfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1969,The Movement of Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Technical Note,No.38Fouarge, J., Gerard, G.,1964,Bois du Mayumbe,I.N.E.A.C. BelguimFouarge, J.,1970,Essais Physiques,Mecaniques et de Durabilite de Bois de la Republique,Democratique du Congo,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.76France - Comite Nacional des Bois Coloniaux,1931,Etude Physique et Mecanique des Bois Coloniaux,Assoc. Colonies-Sciences & Comite National des Bios Coloniaux, Paris,,FranceGoldsmith, B., Carter, D.T.,1981,The Indigenous Timbers of Zimbabwe,Forestry Commission, Zimbabwe Research Bulletin No.9Gutierrez Oliva, A., Plaza Pulgar, F.,1967,Caracteristicas fisico-mecanicas de las maderas Espanolas. (Physical and,mechanical properties of Spanish timbers.,Min.Agric./Dir.Gen Montes/Instituto Forestral de Investigaciones,y,Experiencias, Madrid pp102Hedin, L.,1930,Etude sur la Foret et les Bois du Cameroun,Haut-Commissaire de la CamerounI.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingIrvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonJay, B.A.,1968,Timbers of West Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesKeay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, IbadanKennedy, J.D.,1936,Forest Flora of Southern Nigeria,Government Printer LagosKryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5Paris, R., Moyse-Mignon, H.,1951,Recherches sur les Fagara africains 3.Etude du Fagara macrophylla,Ann. Pharm. Francaises Paris,9(7/8, pp479-93Patterson, D.N.,1963,The strength of Kenya timbers, their derivation and application,Kenya Forestry Department Research Bulletin,No.23Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23Savill, P.S., Fox, J.E.D.,1967,Trees of Sierra LeoneTack, C.H.,1969,Uganda Timbers,Govt. Printer UgandaTaylor, C.J.,1960,Synecology and Silviculture in Ghana,University College of Ghana Thomas Nelson and SonsTimber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA]Uganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1Uganda Forest Department,1957,African Satinwood (Fagara macrophylla,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet, no.33Uganda Forest Department,1969,The Shrinkage of Some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet,No.47White, F.,1962,Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia,O.U.P. LondonWimbush, S.H.,1950,Catalogue of Kenya Timbers,Govt. Printer Nairobi KenyaWood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13 |
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