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Keyaki
Keyaki (Zelkova serrata)

Family: Ulmaceae

Common names: Japanese zelkova , Keaki, Keyaki, Kilkova, Neuti, Zelkova

Distributed in: China, Japan, United States (North America, Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: Native to Japan, but has been cultivated successfully across the United States. It prefers to grow in moist soils in humid temperate regions.

Common uses: Balusters, Boat building (general), Boat building, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Mine timbers, Moldings, Office furniture, Ornamental work , Paneling, Tool handles

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Tree height is 10-20 m

Colors: the heart isYellow to golden-yellow to orange, Yellowish brown to brown or light golden brown and the sapwoodWhite to yellowish-white , Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureFineand the lusterNatural sheen

Natural durability: Perishable, Very durable

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly

Drying Defects: May distort during drying , No twisting or warping

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Keyaki is used for the construction and maintenance of temples in China and Japan, and is protected for those uses only. Resistance to Dutch elm disease Similar to elms, and has been suggestes as a substitute for American elm (U. americana) Used for construction and maintenance of temples and is protected for only those uses

Blunting Effect: Moderate dulling effect on cutting edges

Cutting Resistance: Saws well

Gluing: Satisfactory gluing properties

Nailing: Satisfactory nailing properties

Planing: Yields clean surfaces in planing, turning, boring and other machining operations

Resistance to Impregnation: Moderately difficult to treat with preservatives

Response to hand tools: Yields clean surfaces

Sanding: Good sanding properties

Veneering qualities: There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits, Very large burrs that yield highly figured wood, with features like a delicate bird's eyes outlined with fine fringes and prominent rays

Steam bending: Good steam bending properties

Screwing: Responds well to screwing ; Turning: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Polishing: Yields a smooth and excellent finish ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,6
Density 641 kg/m3
Bending Strength 913 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 520 kg/cm2
Hardness 473 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 103 kg/cm2
Stiffness 117 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage %
Weight kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 169 cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 12990 psi
Density 40 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1044 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 7404 psi
Shearing Strength 1475 psi
Stiffness 1671 1000 psi
Toughness 147 inch-lbs
Specific Gravity 0.6
Weight 39 31 lbs/ft3

High in density
Heavy
Hardness = medium
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Crushing strength = high
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content) is high - comparable to Teak. Some familiar species with high crushing strength parallel to grain include Hard maple, Teak, and White oak. It resists denting and marring about as well as white oak or birch

Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No.5 Philippines and Japan,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChun, W.Y.,1921,Chinese Economic Trees,Commercial Press Ltd, Shangai, ChinaHoward, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingJapan Forest Technical Association,1964,Illustrated Important Forest Trees of Japan,Chikyu Shuppan Co. Ltd, Tokyo, JapanKloot, N.H. and E. Bolza. 1961. Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Organization (CSIRO, Division of Forest Products Technological Paper No. 12, Melbourne, Australia.Lee, S.C.,1935,Forest Botany of China,Commercial Press Ltd, Shanghai, ChinaLincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Mizumoto, S.,1968,On the relative durability of some broad-leaved woods to fungal attack,Journal of the Japanese Wood Research Society 14(8) pp434-439
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