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Goncalo alves (Astronium fraxinifolium)
Family: Anacardiaceae Common names: Bois de zebre, Bossona, Bototo, Coubaril, Gateado, Gomavel, Goncalo alves, Guarabu bata, Guarabu encirado, Guarabu rajado, Gusanero, Jejuira, Kingwood, Locustwood, Muira, Muiraquatiara, Mura, Rajado branco, Red astronium, Robel gateado, Sangue, Tigerwood, Urunday, Urunday-para, Yoke, Zebrawood, Zorrowood Distributed in: Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela (Latin America) Distribution overview: The area of natural distribution is from Mexico through Central America to Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. It is found at altitudes ranging from 150 to 1000 m but is most common at 500-600 m. It grows in areas with annual rainfall of 1200-3000 mm and temperatures of 24-27.5C in both dry and humid tropical forests. It does not toleratewaterlogging or heavy clay soils. Best growth is obtained on lighter soils with less than 40% clay, neutral pH and good drainage. Common uses: Billiard-cue butts, Boat building (general), Boat building, Bobbins, Bows, Bridge construction, Brush backs & handles, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Decorative veneer, Fine furniture, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture , Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Jewelry box, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Mine timbers, Musical instruments, Musical instruments: piano, Paneling , Paneling, Piling, Plywood, Posts, Railroad ties, Shutters, Sporting Goods, Toys, Turnery, Veneer: decorative, Wheel spokes, Wheels Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed
Tree size: Tree height is 30-40 m
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMediumand the lusterPronounced
Natural durability: Very durable, Very durable Odor: No specific smell or taste
Kiln Schedules: Dry at a slow speed Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly Drying Defects: Raid air-drying rates may cause excessive warping and checking , Slight surface checking Ease of Drying: Thick Stock Requires Care Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: Durable General finishing qualities are rated as good Lesser known species from Central and South America One of the most beautiful tropical woods Strong Suited primarily for construction and secondarily for fine furniture Tough Blunting Effect: High to severe Boring: Twist drills should be avoided because they cause breakouts Carving: Start with medium-cut burrs and progress to fine ones is recommended since coarse burrs tend to chip the wood Cutting Resistance: Rip-Profile blade with a maximum of 28 teeth is recommended for ripping to allow sawdust to clear and to prevent charring from heat buildup Gluing: Use glues with a longer open time, such as woodworker's white glue Mortising: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Moulding: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Movement in Service: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Nailing: Pre-Boring Recommended, Pre-boring recommended Planing: Straight-Grained wood can be fed into the planer at a 90 degree angle Resistance to Impregnation: Very high resistance to chemical impregnation Response to hand tools: Variable qualities Routing recessing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Sanding: Use a cabinet scraper and sanding with the grain for best results Veneering qualities: Difficult to glue, Suitable for slicing Steam bending: Unsuitable
Screwing: Very Good to Excellent Results, Very good screw holding qualities; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Polishing: Very Good to Excellent;
Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft 0 Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft 1 Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu.ft Density (dry weight) = >75 lbs/cu. ft Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Max. crushing strength = high Hardness (side grain) = hard Very high density Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high Max. crushing strength = very high Compression strength (parallel to grain) = very high Bending strength (MOR) = very high Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBrown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant, and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. Prepared for International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) by Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, Division of CIRAD, 45bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex, France.Constantine, Jr. A.J. 1975. Know your Woods - A Complete Guide to Trees, Woods, and Veneers. Revised Edition, Revised by Harry J. Hobbs.Charles Scribner and Sons, New York.Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentHarrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Jackson, A. and D. Day. 1992. Good Wood Handbook - The Wood worker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood. HarperCollins Publishers, LondonKline, M. 1979. Astronium fraxinifolium - Goncalo alves. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World, Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 54.Kribbs, D.A. 1959. Commercial Foreign Woods on the American Market. Buckhout Lab., Dept. of Botany, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.Kryn, J.M.,1952,Goncalo Alves - Astronium fraxinifolium Schott, and Astronium graveolens,Jacq., including var. Planchonianum (A.planchonianum Engl.) Family,Anacardiaceae,Foreign Woods Information Leaflet, Forest Products Laboratory, Forest,Service U.S. Department of AgricultureLincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Patterson, D. 1988. Commercial Timbers of the World. Fifth Edition. Gower Technical Press, Aldershot, UK. ix + 339 pp.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonTakahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Timber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA]Wood Magazine. 1995. Goncalo alves - Prized for its Beauty, Harvested for its Durability.Compiled with Woodworker Tom Etreses and Woodturner Gary Zeff in Wood Magazine, August 1995. Page 37-38.Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series |
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