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GaboonGaboonGaboonGaboonGaboon
Gaboon (Aucoumea klaineana)

Family: Burseraceae

Common names: Acoume, Angouma, Bengouma, Cape Lomez mahogany, Combogala, Gaboon, Gaboon mahogany, Gaboon wood, Koumi, M'goumi, Mofoumou, Moukoumi, N'goumi, N'koum, N'koumi, N'kumi, Ojoume, Okoume, Ongoumi, Uume, Zouga

Distributed in: Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon (Africa)

Distribution overview: The distribution of Okoum￿s limited to the West and the Center of Gabon and some small surfaces in Guinea Equatoriale, in Congo and Cameroun. One finds this species between 0 and 700 meters of altitude in forests of leafy trees of plains. Aucoumea klaineana is one of the most abundant species in the Ombrophilous type of forest, in particular in old secondary forests on well drained sites.

Common uses: Artificial limbs, Blockboard, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Cigar boxes, Construction, Cooperages, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Light construction, Millwork, Moldings, Musical instruments, Paneling , Paneling, Particleboard, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Tool handles, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative

Product sources: The timber is rather plentiful within its growth range, but supplies, especially in the lumber form, are very limited on the U.S. Market. When available it is priced in the expensive range. 1-inch (2.5 cm) thick boards are reported to cost about US$9.00 per board foot, and veneer for marquetry costs about US$1.25 per square foot (Source - Wood and Wood Magazine, August, 1995).The ITTO reports that a fairly important source of timber. It is exported at a low but regular rate.

Environment profile: Vulnerable

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 250-300 cm

Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Salmon pink to light pinkish brown, or reddish brown and the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterPronounced

Natural durability: Susceptible to marine borer attack, Very little natural resistance to decay in ground contact

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Silica Content: Siliceous

Kiln Schedules: UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5

Kiln Drying Rate: Slow (18-28 days for boards < 32 mm, to 52-84 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Drying Defects: Slight twist/warp, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Reconditioning Treatement

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: Gaboon is similar in strength to Poplar (Populus), though it splits more easilyGeneral finishing qualities are rated as good Generally weak and of low density.

Blunting Effect: Moderate to severe blunting effect on tools

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Cutting Resistance: Responds satisfactorily to cross-cutting and narrow bandsawing

Gluing: Good gluing properties

Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: Nailed satisfactorily without pre-boring , Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Works fairly easily with both hand and machine tools

Resistance to Impregnation: Responds poorly to perservative treatment

Response to hand tools: Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work

Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results

Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy

Steam bending: Poor to Very Poor Results

Screwing: Fair to Good Results, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Satisfactory varnishing qualities ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,33 0,39
Density 432 kg/m3
Bending Strength 479 724 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 267 380 kg/cm2
Hardness 195 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 65 kg/cm2
Stiffness 71 83 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 400 352 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 6823 10299 psi
Density 27 lbs/ft3
Hardness 431 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 3809 5405 psi
Shearing Strength 935 psi
Stiffness 1017 1181 1000 psi
Specific Gravity 0.33 0.39
Weight 25 22 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 10 %

Bending strength (MOR) = low 0
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low 0
Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low 0
Hardness (side grain) = very soft 0
Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Max. crushing strength = medium
Max. crushing strength = low
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Max. crushing strength = high
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Weak
Very low stiffness
Surfaces may dent or scratch easily
Soft
Shrinkage, Volumetric = small
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Low in density
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft.
Crushing strength = medium
Bending strength in the air-dried condition (about 12% moisture content) is medium, but lower than Mahogany, and much lower than White oak. strength properties similar to those of Poplar (Populus). It splits more easily than Poplar.

Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal]Becking, R.W.,1960,A Summary of Information on Aucoumea klaineana,Forestry Abstracts,21(2, pp163-72Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1951,Okoume,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,18-19,pp147-150Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. AustraliaBrown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World No.1 Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBrush, W.D.,1944,Foreign Woods - Okoume (Aucoumea klaineana,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture Forest ServiceChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonCollardet, J.,1929,Okoume (Aucoumea klaineana Pierre,Tropical Woods,3(17, PP1-5Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1955,Kiln-Drying Schedules,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment Leaflet,No.42Fortin, Y., Poliquin, J.,1976,Natural Durability and Preservation of 100 Tropical African Woods,International Development Research Centre, CanadaFrance - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. FranceFrance - C.T.F.T.,1966,Bois Tropicaux,C.T.F.T. Publ.,12France - C.T.F.T.,Resultats des Observations et des essais effectues au CTFT sur L'Okoume,C.T.F.T., No101Fuster Riera, P.,1947,Primera Contribucion al Conocimiento de las Maderas de la Guinea,Continental Espanola. (first contribution to a knowledge of timbers from,Spanish Guinea.,Inst. de Estudios Africanos y de la Direccion General de Marruecos y,Colonias, Madrid,pp250Gutierrez Oliva, A., Plaza Pulgar, F.,1967,Caracteristicas fisico-mecanicas de las maderas Espanolas. (Physical and,mechanical properties of Spanish timbers.,Min.Agric./Dir.Gen Montes/Instituto Forestral de Investigaciones,y,Experiencias, Madrid pp102Harrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32HMSO.1981.Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition.Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingITTO.1986.Tropical Timber Atlas, Volume 1 - Africa.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, 45bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex, France.Jane, F.W.,1953,The Structure of World Timbers - 18 Gaboon, Canarium and Dhup,Timber Technology (formerly Timber News,61(2166)Jay, B.A.,1968,Timbers of West Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesKaiser, Jo-Ann.Wood of the Month. Gaboon:The Strong Lightweight from Africa. Wood & Wood Products, November, 1992, Page 54.Kloot, N. H. and E. Bolza.1961.Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia.Technological Paper No. 12.Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Organization, Melbourne, Australia.Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Kribbs, D.A. 1959. Commercial Foreign Woods on the American Market. Buckhout Lab., Dept. of Botany, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods LaboratoryKukachka, B.F.,1962,Characters of Some Imported Woods,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Foreign Wood Series,No.2242Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Lincoln, W. A. 1986.World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Nairn, P.M., Editor. 1936. Wood Specimens - 100 Reproductions in Color -A Series of Selected Timbers Reproduced in Natural Color with Introduction and Annotations by H.A. Cox. The Nema Press, Proprietors of Wood, London.Organisation for European Economic Co-operation,1951,African Tropical Timber (Nomenclature, Description,OEECPatterson, D. 1988. Commercial Timbers of the World. Fifth Edition. Gower Technical Press, Aldershot, UK. ix + 339 pp.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonSallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T.Scott, M.H.,1950,Notes on the more Important African Timbers Imported into the Union with,Special Ref. to Port. E.A. Species,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No.19,pp18-62,[South,African Forestry Journal]Spalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1956,Survey of Africa Woods 2,Tropical Woods 16(106) pp65-97Spalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1956,Survey of African woods 1,Tropical Woods,115(105,pp 13-38Spalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1957,Survey of Africa Woods 3,Tropical Woods 16(107) pp92-128Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Timber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA]U.A.C.O. Timber Review,1971,Some Straight forward information about a very strong and very durable,wood,U.A.C.O. Timber Review,20,pp12-3U.S.D.A. Forest Service,1952,Foreign Woods Imported into the U.S.,F.P.L. Madison Rep., No. R1903-12U.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72USDA.1987.Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Wagenfuhr, H.,1968,Okoume,Holztechnoligie,9(3, pp199-200WCMC.1992.Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.Wood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13
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