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Mukulungu (Autranella congolensis)
Family: Sapotaceae Common names: Adjazok, Angulu, Anzala, Autracon, Banga, Bonyanga, Bouanga, Bwanga, Elang, Elangzok, Elanzok, Fino, Kabulungu, Kolo, Kondofino, Kungulu, M'fua, Mafamuti, Mbanga, Mtua, Mubelenge, Muku, Mukulumbu, Mukulungu, Mukungulu, Mumbelenge, Ntsha, Ovanga, Uku, Yoli Distributed in: Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon, Nigeria, South Africa, Zaire (Africa) Distribution overview: Widely distributed throughout the dense equatorial forests of Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Nigeria and Zaire. It is rather rare. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Chemical containers, Construction, Crossties, Decks, Decorative veneer, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Millwork, Mine timbers, Musical instruments, Piling, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wharf construction Product sources: Timber production is rated as fairly important and exportation is low but regular Environment profile: Inadequate information for some areas Tree size: Trunk diameter is 300-350 cm
Colors: the heart isReddish-Brown, reddish-orange, or deep wine red, often with dark brown streaks , Yellowand the sapwoodNot always clearly demarcated from heartwood , Paler than heartwood.The grain isStraight, the textureMediumand the lusterSometimes lustrous but not always
Natural durability: Very durable, Very resistant to decay Odor: No specific smell or taste
Silica Content: Siliceous Kiln Schedules: Dry at a slow speed
Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly
Drying Defects: Severe end splitting, Splitting Ease of Drying: Slowly Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Good resistance to acids in dilute concentrations Sometimes confused with African Species, Moabi (Baillonella toxisperma) and Makore (Tieghemella heckelii) Blunting Effect: Moderate Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance: Teeth tend to blunt rapidly Gluing: Requires carefully controlled conditions Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Variable nailing properties, but they are generally difficult Planing: Very Good to Excellent Resistance to Impregnation: Very difficult to treat with preservatives Resistance to Splitting: Poor
Response to hand tools: Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Screwing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult, Fairly Easy to Very Easy; Turning: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Polishing: Satisfactory;
Bending strength (MOR) = high 0 Max. crushing strength = high 0 Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Hardness (side grain) = hard Shrinkage, Radial = large Max. crushing strength = very high Shrinkage, Tangential = large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Bending strength (MOR) = very high Very dense Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Volumetric = large Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Hardness (side grain) = very hard Hardness (side grain) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium The species is considerably stronger than White oak or Teak Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal]Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1949,Olon (Fagara heitzii and Fagara brieyi,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,No.10,pp175-8Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1954,Mukulungu (Autranella congolensis,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,36,pp25-28Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World No.1 Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Cividini, R.,1967,Studio delle Caratteristiche dei Legni per Pavimenti e Loro Valutazione,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Rome Contr.Sc-Pract Mig.Cons ed Ut.del,Legno 8(13)Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFortin, Y., Poliquin, J.,1976,Natural Durability and Preservation of 100 Tropical African Woods,International Development Research Centre, CanadaFouarge, J.,1950,Appropriation de Bois Congolais aux Besoins de la Metropole,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.38Fouarge, J.,1953,Bois du Congo,I.N.E.A.C.Fouarge, J.,1970,Essais Physiques,Mecaniques et de Durabilite de Bois de la Republique,Democratique du Congo,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.76Fougerousse, M., Deschamps, P.,1968,Essais de Resistance de quelques Bois Tropicaux aux Xylophages Marins dans,la,Port de la Pallice,C.T.F.T. Note Technique,No.7France - C.T.F.T.,Promotion of Zaire Timbers. New Series (Leaflets,C.T.F.T.Hughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished dataITTO. 1986. Tropical Timber Atlas, Volume 1 - Africa. Association Internationale Technique des Bois Tropicaux, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, 8 Rue du Colonel Moll, 75017 ParisJay, B.A.,1968,Timbers of West Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesKeay, R.W.J.1989. Trees of Nigeria.Revised Version of Nigerian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5Organisation for European Economic Co-operation,1951,African Tropical Timber (Nomenclature, Description,OEECPieters, A.,1977,Essences Forestieres du Zaire,R.U.G. Gent BelguimSallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Wagenfuhr, H.,1972,Mukulungu,Holztechnologie,11(2, pp135-6WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing: Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center (WCMC, Plants Program, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.Wood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13 |
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