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MoabiMoabiMoabiMoabi
Moabi (Baillonella toxisperma)

Family: Sapotaceae

Common names: AdjapAdzaAfrican pearwoodAyapCunguloDimpampiDjavaDjaveKunguluMoabiMuabiMudiaMuyabiMwabiNduku wa dijondoNgulubeNjabiNjariNyabiOrereUlumba

Distributed in: Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria, Zaire (Africa)

Distribution overview: Moabi occurs mainly in Cameroon, Gabon and Nigeria, and is also found in Angola, Congo and Equatorial Guinea. The monotypic genus Baillonella is endemic to the Guineo-Congolian region. B. toxisperma is limited to dense primary evergreen rain forests. It requires shade for regeneration to occur.

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Building construction, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Construction, Decorative veneer, Figured veneer, Fixtures, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Joists, Light construction, Mine timbers, Musical instruments, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Plywood, Plywood: veneer (marine), Railroad ties, Skis, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Woodwork

Environment profile: Vulnerable in parts of its natural habitat

Tree size: Tree height is 20-30 m

Colors: the heart isWhite, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMediumand the lusterPronounced

Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very durable

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Silica Content: Siliceous

LightInduced Color Change: Darker

Kiln Schedules: UK=H US=T10D4S/T8D3S Fr=7

Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Slight twist/warp

Ease of Drying: Fairly Easy

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is unknown

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Moderate

Boring: Good boring qualitites

Cutting Resistance: Tool edges dull rapidly

Gluing: Glues well

Mortising: Finishes well

Moulding: Good finishing

Movement in Service: Good finishing

Nailing: Satisfactory nail-holding properties , Satisfactory nailing properties

Planing: Works easily in most machining opeations but silica tends to quickly dull cutting edges

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is moderately resistant

Resistance to Splitting: Poor

Response to hand tools: Responds rather poorly to hand tools

Sanding: Good sanding finish

Veneering qualities: Moderately easy to veneer, There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits

Steam bending: Good steam bending properties

Screwing: Pre-boring recommended, Screwing yields good results; Turning: Responds very well in turning due to its fine texture and low tendency to distort

Painting: Good; Polishing: Good; Staining: Finish is generally good; Varnishing: Varnishes well ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,63 0,7
Density 817 kg/m3
Bending Strength 1026 1556 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 455 706 kg/cm2
Hardness 811 kg
Impact Strength 38 cm
Shearing Strength 139 kg/cm2
Stiffness 127 156 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %
Radial Shrinkage 6 %
Weight 785 641 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 14598 22134 psi
Density 51 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1790 lbs
Impact Strength 15 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 6473 10047 psi
Shearing Strength 1989 psi
Stiffness 1820 2225 1000 psi
Specific Gravity 0.63 0.7
Weight 49 40 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 6 %
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 12 %

Max. crushing strength = high
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = very high
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Very heavy
Very dense
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low
Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate
Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Max. crushing strength = medium
Hardness (side grain) = hard
Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = very high
It is far superior in strength to either Teak or Hard maple. It has been compared to the North American Hickories (Carya ) in hardness and other strength properties, and is one-and-a-half times as dense as Black walnut (Juglans nigra ).

Arno, J. 1991. Baillonella toxisperma - Moabi. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World, Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portlan, Maine. 1994. Page 55-56.Banks, C.H. and J.P. Schoeman. 1963. Railway Sleeper and Crossing Timbers. Bulletin No. 41, Republic of South Africa. The Government Printer, Pretoria, South Africa.Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal]Bertin, A., Meniaud, J.,1949,Timbers of the Cameroons,Compagnie Francais du Cameroon,(Transl. by F.Jane)Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1956,Moabi (Baillonella toxisperma,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,no.45, pp27-36Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1976,Moabi (Baillonella toxisperma,Bois et Forets Tropiques,n0.169, pp37-49Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World No.1 Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFortin, Y., Poliquin, J.,1976,Natural Durability and Preservation of 100 Tropical African Woods,International Development Research Centre, CanadaFrance - C.T.F.T.,1966,Bois Tropicaux,C.T.F.T. Publ.,12France - C.T.F.T.,1977,Promotion of African Timbers - New Species,CTFT,35 LeafletsFreitas, M.C.P.G. de,1961,Madeiras de Angola Series 1,Reprint from Garcia de Orta Lisbon,9(4,pp699-711Gutierrez Oliva, A., Plaza Pulgar, F.,1967,Caracteristicas fisico-mecanicas de las maderas Espanolas. (Physical and,mechanical properties of Spanish timbers.,Min.Agric./Dir.Gen Montes/Instituto Forestral de Investigaciones,y,Experiencias, Madrid pp102Hughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished dataI.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingITTO.1986.Tropical Timber Atlas, Volume 1 - Africa.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, 45bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex, France.Jay, B.A.,1968,Timbers of West Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesKeay, R.W.J.1989. Trees of Nigeria.Revised Version of Nigerian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Nelson, R.E.,1960,Silk-oak in Hawaii ..... pest or potential timber?,Pacific South-West Forest and Range Exp. Station, Berkeley, California,,Misc. paper 47Organisation for European Economic Co-operation,1951,African Tropical Timber (Nomenclature, Description,OEECRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonSallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TTakahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7WCMC.1992.Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
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