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Arraronyit
Arraronyit (Balanites aegyptiaca)

Family: Zygophyllaceae

Common names: Arraronyit, Baddan, Chakko, Chiala, Desert date, Ga, Gongo, Gongugua, Gungo, Heglig, Kabowdo, Kha, Kuri, Loba, Logba, Lungoswa, Mjunju, Mulului, Muongo, Muvambangoma, Nulu, Nyahoko, Odhto, Og, Ogat, Ol-ngoswa, Sarongo, Shashob, Simple-thorned torchwood, Soap berry tree, Tau, Tira, To, Torchwood, Tu

Distributed in: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, India, Israel, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Kenya, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe (Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boxes and crates, Carvings, Charcoal, Chemical derivatives, Food containers, Fuelwood, Furniture, Joinery, Light construction, Millwork, Mine timbers, Moldings, Poles, Posts, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts

Tree size: Tree height is 20-30 m

Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isGrowth rings (figure), the textureMediumand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack, Very durable

LightInduced Color Change: None

Kiln Schedules: UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5

Kiln Drying Rate: Fairly rapid (11-17 days for boards under 32 mm, to 31-51 days for boards greater than 63 mm)

Drying Defects: No resin/gum exudation, No surface checking

Ease of Drying: Easy

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is fluted

Boring: Easy

Cutting Resistance: Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy

Gluing: Easy to glue

Mortising: Finishes well

Moulding: Good finishing

Movement in Service: Good finishing

Nailing: Possible if prebored

Planing: Planes well, to a good finish

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Response to hand tools: Easy to machine


Varnishing: Good;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 753 kg/m3
Bending Strength 654 1024 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2
Hardness 1051 kg
Impact Strength 119 cm
Shearing Strength 173 kg/cm2
Stiffness 94 109 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Weight 737 592 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 9310 14566 psi
Density 47 lbs/ft3
Hardness 2318 lbs
Impact Strength 47 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi
Shearing Strength 2462 psi
Stiffness 1347 1563 1000 psi
Weight 46 37 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Tangential Shrinkage 5 %

Max. crushing strength = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high
Hardness (side grain) = hard
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = high
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low

Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBrenan, J.P.M., Greenway, P.J.,1949,Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire,Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford No.5 Tanganyika Territories Part 2Chittenden, A.E., et al,1954,Three timbers from Kenya Neoboutonia macrocalyx, M. kilimandschendia and,Croton macrostachys as Paper-making materials,Colonial Plant and Animal Products,4, pp46-52Dale, I.R., Greenway, P.J.,1961,Kenya Trees and Shrubs,Buchanans Kenya Estates Ltd. Nairobi Hatchards LondonDalziel, J.M.,1937,The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa,Crown Agents for the ColoniesForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1968,Report on a Consignment of Heglig (Balanites aegyptiaca) from the Republic,of the Sudan,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Reports on,Overseas Timber, No.9Goldsmith, B., Carter, D.T.,1981,The Indigenous Timbers of Zimbabwe,Forestry Commission, Zimbabwe Research Bulletin No.9Irvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonStorrs, A.E.G.,1979,Know your Trees - Some of the Common Trees found in Zambia,Zambia Forestry Department, NdolaSuliman, A. el G.M., Jackson, J.K.,1959,The Heglig Tree (Balanites aegyptiaca,Sudan Silva 9(1,pp63-4Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7White, F.,1962,Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia,O.U.P. London
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