Arraronyit (Balanites aegyptiaca)
Family: Zygophyllaceae
Common names: Arraronyit, Baddan, Chakko, Chiala, Desert date, Ga, Gongo, Gongugua, Gungo, Heglig, Kabowdo, Kha, Kuri, Loba, Logba, Lungoswa, Mjunju, Mulului, Muongo, Muvambangoma, Nulu, Nyahoko, Odhto, Og, Ogat, Ol-ngoswa, Sarongo, Shashob, Simple-thorned torchwood, Soap berry tree, Tau, Tira, To, Torchwood, Tu
Distributed in: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, India, Israel, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Kenya, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe (Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia)
Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boxes and crates, Carvings, Charcoal, Chemical derivatives, Food containers, Fuelwood, Furniture, Joinery, Light construction, Millwork, Mine timbers, Moldings, Poles, Posts, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts
Tree size: Tree height is 20-30 m
Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isGrowth rings (figure), the textureMediumand the lusterMedium
Natural durability: Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack, Very durable
LightInduced Color Change: None
Kiln Schedules: UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5
Kiln Drying Rate: Fairly rapid (11-17 days for boards under 32 mm, to 31-51 days for boards greater than 63 mm)
Drying Defects: No resin/gum exudation, No surface checking
Ease of Drying: Easy
Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is fluted
Boring: Easy
Cutting Resistance: Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy
Gluing: Easy to glue
Mortising: Finishes well
Moulding: Good finishing
Movement in Service: Good finishing
Nailing: Possible if prebored
Planing: Planes well, to a good finish
Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable
Response to hand tools: Easy to machine
Varnishing: Good;
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
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 |
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Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
|
|
|
Density |
|
753 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
654 |
1024 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
275 |
449 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
1051 |
kg |
Impact Strength |
|
119 |
cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
173 |
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
94 |
109 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
|
|
% |
Radial Shrinkage |
2 |
|
% |
Weight |
737 |
592 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
|
|
cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
|
|
cm-kg |
Static Bending |
|
|
kg/cm2 |
|
 |  |  |  | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 9310 | 14566 | psi | Density | | 47 | lbs/ft3 | Hardness | | 2318 | lbs | Impact Strength | | 47 | inches | Maximum Crushing Strength | 3916 | 6397 | psi | Shearing Strength | | 2462 | psi | Stiffness | 1347 | 1563 | 1000 psi | Weight | 46 | 37 | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 2 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 5 | | % | |
Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Hardness (side grain) = hard Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = high Shrinkage, Radial = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBrenan, J.P.M., Greenway, P.J.,1949,Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire,Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford No.5 Tanganyika Territories Part 2Chittenden, A.E., et al,1954,Three timbers from Kenya Neoboutonia macrocalyx, M. kilimandschendia and,Croton macrostachys as Paper-making materials,Colonial Plant and Animal Products,4, pp46-52Dale, I.R., Greenway, P.J.,1961,Kenya Trees and Shrubs,Buchanans Kenya Estates Ltd. Nairobi Hatchards LondonDalziel, J.M.,1937,The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa,Crown Agents for the ColoniesForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1968,Report on a Consignment of Heglig (Balanites aegyptiaca) from the Republic,of the Sudan,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Reports on,Overseas Timber, No.9Goldsmith, B., Carter, D.T.,1981,The Indigenous Timbers of Zimbabwe,Forestry Commission, Zimbabwe Research Bulletin No.9Irvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonStorrs, A.E.G.,1979,Know your Trees - Some of the Common Trees found in Zambia,Zambia Forestry Department, NdolaSuliman, A. el G.M., Jackson, J.K.,1959,The Heglig Tree (Balanites aegyptiaca,Sudan Silva 9(1,pp63-4Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7White, F.,1962,Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia,O.U.P. London
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