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Pau marfimPau marfimPau marfimPau marfim
Pau marfim (Balfourodendron riedelianum)

Family: Rutaceae

Common names: Farinha-seca, Gramixinga, Guataia, Guatambu, Guatambu blanco, Guatambu moroti, Ibira-nete, Ibiranoti, Ivorywood, Marfim, Moroti, Pao liso, Pao marfim, Pau liso, Pau marfim, Pequia marfim, Quatamba

Distributed in: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay (Latin America)

Distribution overview: State of Sao Paulo, Brazil; northern and central Paraguay; and the Selva Misionera, Argentina.

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Axles, Bent Parts, Boat building (general), Boat building, Bobbins, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Cooperages, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Marquetry, Mathematical instruments, Moldings, Musical instruments, Oars, Office furniture, Paneling , Parquet flooring, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Sporting Goods, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Turnery

Product sources: The ITTO reports that a fairly important source of timber and is exported regularly. Its extensive growth range makes the timber available in adequate quantities for the European market, where Maobi is more popular. Supply in the U.S. market is generally limited since the wood is mainly used in small quantities for turning and carving. Price is generally high, but not prohibitive.

Environment profile: Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Rare within its range Plentiful in Paraguay.

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMediumand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Very low natural resistance to decay and attack by termites , Vulnerable to insect attack

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: Us schedule T3-B2 has been suggested for 2.5 and 3 squares

Drying Defects: Severe surface checking, Slight twist/warp

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Moderate to fairly sever blunting effect on cutting edges

Boring: Fair to good results

Carving: Good carving characteristics

Cutting Resistance: Low to medium sawing resistance

Gluing: Satisfactory gluing properties

Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Moulding: Tearing may occur in moulding when irregular or interlocked grain is present

Movement in Service: Tearing may occur in moulding when irregular or interlocked grain is present

Nailing: Difficult to nail, Pre-Boring Recommended

Planing: Irregular grain may cause grain tearing in planning

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is treatable

Response to hand tools: Responds well to hand tools

Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Veneering qualities: Suitable for peeling, Suitable for slicing

Steam bending: Very poor steam bending characteristics

Screwing: Good screwing properties, Pre-boring recommended; Turning: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Painting: Accepts paint easily ; Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Staining (Characteristic) = coloured water-soluble extract; Varnishing: Satisfactory;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,64 0,7
Density 801 kg/m3
Bending Strength 973 1413 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 471 722 kg/cm2
Hardness 901 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 208 kg/cm2
Stiffness 121 142 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 785 608 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 13841 20104 psi
Density 50 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1987 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 6700 10276 psi
Shearing Strength 2960 psi
Stiffness 1724 2022 1000 psi
Specific Gravity 0.64 0.7
Weight 49 38 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 13 %

Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Bending strength (MOR) = high 0
Max. crushing strength = high 1
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Hardness (side grain) = hard
Shrinkage, Volumetric = large
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Very high density
Very heavy
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Max. crushing strength = very high
High in density

Arno, J. 1989. Balfourodendron riedelianum - Pau marfim. In A Guide to Useful Wood of the World, Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 57-58.Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. AustraliaBoone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods -Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Brazier, J.D.,1975,Properties and uses of Brazilian woods,Journal of the Institute of Wood Science,7(2,pp50-57Brazil -, I.B.D.F.,1980,Woods from Tucurui - characteristics and application,The Ag. Ministry Brazilian Institute for Forest DevelopmentBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesCelulosa Argentina,1973,Libro del Arbol,Celulosa Argentina Buenos Aires 3 VolsChichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant, and P. Vantomme.1990.Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Constantine, Jr., A. J. 1959.Know Your Woods - A Complete Guide to Trees, Woods, and Veneers.Revised Edition.Revised by H.J. Hobbs.Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.Goldsmith, B.,1947,La Industria de Maderas Compensadas en la Republica Aargentina,Min. Ag. Argentina, Dir. Gen. de Tierras y Bosques, Dir. For., Publ. Tec.,10Horn, E.F.,1946,New Uses for Brazilian Timbers,Tropical Woods,11(86,pp12-13Kaiser, Jo-Ann.Wood of the Month. Pau marfim: The Cream Colored Ivory Wood from South America. Wood & Wood Products. December, 1991. Page 46.Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Mainieri, C., Pereira, J.A.,1965,Madeiras do Brasil,Anuario Brasileiro de Economia Florestal,17(17,PP135-416Mainieri, C.,1978,Fichas de Caracteristicas das Madeiras Brasileiras,Inst. Pesquisas TechnologicasRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRecord, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. PressSao Paulo - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas,1956,Tabelas de Resultados obtidos para Madeiras Nacionais,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Bol., No.31(2nd Ed.)Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Timber Development Association,1943,Brazilian Rosewood (Dalbergia nigra) and Pao Marfim (Balfourodendron,riedelianum,TRADA, Timber Leaflet,80Timber Trades Journal,1971,World Timbers - Pau Marfim (Balfourodendron riedelianum,Timber Trades Journal,278(4952,supplement between pp36-7Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionTortorelli, L.,1956,Maderas y Bosques Argentinos,Editorial Acme S.A.C.I. Buenos AiresTropical Woods,1968,Madeiras Comercias Brasileiras,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo Brazil Publ.,857U.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.Wood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13
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