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Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon)
Family: Leguminosae Common names: Australian black acacia, Australian blackwood, Black sally, Black wattle, Blackwood, Cedar, Cedar lightwood, Lightwood, Swarthout, Tasmanian blackwood Distributed in: Argentina, Australia, Chile, India, New Zealand, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania (Africa, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: Australian Blackwood grows in Eastern Australia from Queensland southward to Victoria and also in Tasmania. It has been introduced into East and South Africa, India, Ceylon, Chile, and Argentina. It's distribution is closely linked to rainfall. The tree can be found in various habitats, chiefly wet sclerophyll forest and in or near cooler rainforest. Common uses: Bedroom suites, Bent Parts, Boat building (general), Boat building: framing, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Cooperages, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Drawer sides, Drum sticks, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Food containers, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture, Gunstocks, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Musical instruments , Musical instruments, Office furniture, Organ pipes, Paneling, Piano keys, Pianos , Plywood corestock, Plywood, Poles, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rifle stock, Sounding boards, Sporting Goods, Structural work, Tables, Tool handles, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Violin bows, Violin, Walking sticks, Wardrobes, Wheel spokes, Wheels, Xylophones, agricultural implements Product sources: Supplies of the timber are adequate in Australia, but are limited in other parts of the world. Prices are in the high range when the material is available. Environment profile: Questionable Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureUniformand the lusterMedium
Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Untreated wood in contact with ground could decay in less than 5 years Odor: No specific smell or taste
Kiln Schedules: Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm) Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Splitting Ease of Drying: Slowly Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is unknown Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect: Moderate Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Carving: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Cutting Resistance: Material with interlocked grain can be difficult. Gluing: Satisfactory gluing properties Mortising: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Moulding: Poor to Very Poor Movement in Service: Poor to Very Poor Nailing: Pre-Boring Recommended, Satisfactory nailing properties Planing: Very Good to Excellent Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Response to hand tools: Satisfactorily Routing recessing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Sanding: Satisfactory sanding results Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy Steam bending: Very good
Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Good screw holding properties; Turning: Very good
Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent;
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Bending strength (MOR) = medium 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium 0 Max. crushing strength = high 0 Hardness (side grain) = soft 1 Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium 0 Max. crushing strength = medium 0 Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Tangential = small Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact strength) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Hardness (side grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Resists denting and marring Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high Heavy Hardness (side grain) = very soft Density = high Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Australia - Forest Products Newsletter,1963,Properties of Australian Timbers - Blackwood,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Newsletter No.294 pp3-4Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBoas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, MelbourneBois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35Bolza, E. and N. H. Kloot.1963.The Mechanical Properties of 174 Australian Timbers.Division of Forest Products Technological Paper No. 25, Commonwealth Scientificand Industrial Organization, Melbourne, Australia.Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1963,The Mechanical Properties of 174 Australian Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.25Bolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. AustraliaBoone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, and E.M. Wengert. 1988.Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods - Temperate and Tropical.United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Cause, M.L.; Rudder, E.J. and Kynaston, W.T.,1989,Queensland Timbers Their Nomenclature, Density, and Lyctid Susceptability,Queensland Department of Forestry, Technical Pamplet No.2Cause, M.L., Et al,1974,The Nomenclature, Density and Lyctus - Susceptibility of Queensland,Timbers,Queensland Forestry Department Pamphlet 13Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Cox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughCuevas, L.E.,1975,90% cut in Hardwood Drying Time using High Temperature,Philippine Lumberman 21(2) pp18-21Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOGamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. LondonGay, F.J., Et al,1955,Standard laboratory colonies of termites for evaluating the resistance of,timber, timber preservatives and other materials to termite attack.,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.277Haslett, A.N.,1986,Properties and utilisation of exotic speciality timbers grown in,New,Zealand Part II: Australian Blackwood Acacia melanoxylon R.Br.,New Zealand Forest Service, Forest Research Institute, FRI Bulletin No.119HMSO.1972.Handbook of Hardwoods.2nd Edition.Revised by R.H. Farmer.Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Hughes, J.F.,1958,A Summary of the Information Available on the Properties of Afzelia,quanzensis,Tanzania Forest Dept. Util. Sec. Moshi Series,No.4I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingJackson, A. and D. Day.1991.Good Wood Handbook - The Woodworker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood.Betterway Publications, Cincinnati, Ohio.Kingston, R.S.T., Risdon, C.J.E.,1961,Shrinkage and Density of Australian and other South-West Pacific Woods,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper No.13Kline, M. 1980. Acacia melanoxylon - Australian blackwood. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr, J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 13-14.Lincoln, W. A.1986.World Woods in Color.Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRao, K.R. and S.K. Purkayastha. 1972. Indian Woods - Their Identification, Properties and Uses, Volume III - Leguminosae to Combretaceae. Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi, India.Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonScott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1Scott, M.H.,1953,Utilisation Notes on South African Timbers,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.36Sekhar, A.C., Kukreti, M.C.,1979,A Note on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Acacia melanoxylon,(Australian Blackwood) from Kodai Kanal, Tamil Nadu,Indian Forester 105(9) pp677-684South African Lumber Millers Assoc.,1969,Notes on some Commercially Available Hardwoods,S.A.L.M.A. Timber Info. Centre Timber Technical Guide,No.1Stewart, A.M., Kloot, N.H.,1957,Mechanical Properties of Timbers,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.279Streets, R.J.,1962,Exotic Forest Trees in the British Commonwealth,Clarendon Press OxfordTakahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Tanzania Forest Department,1963,Timbers of Tanganyika - Acacia melanoxylon (Australian Blackwood,Tanzania For. Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Timbers of TanganyikaTanzania Forest Division,1966,Kiln Drying Schedules for Tanzania Timbers Technical Note no.38,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. MoshiThe Australian Timber Journal & Building Products, Merchandiser,1969,Timber Durability and Preservation,Supplement to Australian Timber Journal 35(4) Tech. Timb. Guide No.8Thomas, A.J.,1955,Tasmanian Woods,Forestry Department Tasmania, Bulletin No.1Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionWCMC.1992.Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World.World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom. |
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