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Brazil nut-tree
Brazil nut-tree (Bertholletia excelsa)

Family: Lecythidaceae

Common names: Almendro, Brazil nut tree, Brazil nut-tree, Brazilnoot, Castana del maranon, Castanha do Para, Castanha Par￿Castanha verdadeira, Castanheiro, Juvia, Nha, Par￿ut tree, Totoka, Tucary, Turury, Yubia, Yuvia

Distributed in: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Columbia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America)

Distribution overview: Common throughout the Amazon region of Brazil (Centro-Oeste, Goias, Mato Grosso, Norte, Acre, Amazonas, Para, Rondonia),Venezuela, Colombia, and￿Peru. In Venezuela also found in the forests of the upper Orinoco and Rio Negro. Reaches its best development on well-drained clay or sandy clay soils. Widely cultivated outside of its natural range due to the value of its seeds and its high quality wood.

Common uses: Bent Parts, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: decking, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chemical containers, Crossties, Decorative veneer, Exterior uses, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Joinery, Light construction, Marine construction, Paneling , Paneling, Piling, Plywood, Railroad ties, Sheathing, Shingles, Shipbuilding, Siding, Utility furniture, Vats, Veneer

Environment profile: Widespread

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm

Colors: the heart isTurn reddish brown upon exposure, Varies depending on site conditionsand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStriped figure, the textureMedium coarse to coarseand the lusterSlightly lustrous

Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very durable

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: Drying (speed) is fast

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries quickly

Drying Defects: Slight twist/warp, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Thick Stock Requires Care

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on sawing is moderate

Boring: Fair to good results

Carving: Fair to Good Results

Cutting Resistance: Moderate to saw

Gluing: Good properties

Mortising: Very Good to Excellent

Moulding: Fair to Good He material is moderately difficult to mould.

Movement in Service: Fair to Good He material is moderately difficult to mould.

Nailing: Nails well without pre-boring

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Response to hand tools: Responds Readily

Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results

Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy

Steam bending: Good

Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Painting: Satisfactory after surface treatment ; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Pre-treatment needed or recommended ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,54 0,61
Density 705 kg/m3
Bending Strength 628 967 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 51 61 kg/cm2
Hardness 567 kg
Impact Strength 83 cm
Shearing Strength 104 kg/cm2
Stiffness 109 126 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Weight 753 689 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,49 0,84 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 161 cm-kg
Static Bending 363 584 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 8943 13755 psi
Crushing Strength 729 872 psi
Density 44 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1251 lbs
Impact Strength 33 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 4322 6935 psi
Shearing Strength 1486 psi
Static Bending 5174 8310 psi
Stiffness 1562 1793 1000 psi
Toughness 140 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 7 12 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.54 0.61
Weight 47 43 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 11 %

Max. crushing strength = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Work Maximum Load = Low
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Resists denting and marring
Max. crushing strength = high
Max crushing strength = very low
Heavy
Hardness = medium
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Density = high
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high
Bending strength (MOR) = high
The tree is highly favored for its seeds, which are commercially popular.

Arno, J. 1991. Bertholletia excelsa - Brazilnut. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World, Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 62-64.Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchChichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant, and P. Vantomme.1990.Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Desch, H. E.1957.Manual of Malayan Timbers.The Malayan Forester, 28(30):315-318.Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentHess, R.W., Wangaard, F.F., Dickinson, F.E.,1950,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 2,Tropical Woods,13(97,pp1-132I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingLamb, A.F.A., Wangaard, F.F.,1950,The Gluing Properties of certain Tropical American Woods,Yale Univ. School of Forestry Technical Report,4Lee, Y.H., Lopez, D.T.,1968,The Machining Properties of some Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,3,pp194-210Sobral Filho, M.,1981,Introduction of a lesser known species: Brazil nut timber.,Forest Products Journal, 31:3, 10-12Wangaard, F.F., and A.F. Muschler. 1952. Tropical Woods - Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods, Volume III, No. 98. School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.Wangaard, F.F., Muschler, A.F.,1952,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 3,Tropical Woods,14(98, pp1-190WCMC.1992.Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World.World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
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