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Silver birch
Silver birch (Betula pendula)

Family: Betulaceae

Common names: Birch, Common birch, Silver birch, Warty birch, White birch

Distributed in: Finland, Norway, Russia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom (Eastern Europe, Mediterranean Sea Region, Western Europe)

Distribution overview: Native to all Britain and to west and central Ireland. Also through most of Europe and parts of Asia. This tree tolerates a wide range of habitats, soil ph 3.5 to 7 but best on dry sandy soils and up to higher altitudes than most broadleaved species. Upland birchwoods are an important ecotype in Scotland.

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boxes and crates, Brush backs & handles, Brush backs & handles, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Cooperages, Dowells, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture, Handles: general, Joinery, Plywood, Posts, Spools, Tables, Textile equipment, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Wooden shoes

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Tree height is 30-40 m

Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureUniformand the lusterLustrous

Natural durability: Very durable, resistant to powder-post beetle

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: UK=F US=T6D4/T3D3 Fr=6

Kiln Drying Rate: Slow

Drying Defects: Slight twist/warp, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Variable

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Moderate

Boring: Worked surfaces are woolly

Cutting Resistance: Surfaces tend to be woolly

Gluing: Good properties

Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Moulding: Very Good to Excellent

Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent

Nailing: Pre-Boring Recommended, Pre-boring recommended when nailing close to edges of material with irregular grain

Planing: Wood tends to be woolly

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities

Routing recessing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results

Veneering qualities: Suitable for peeling, Various figures can yield decorative veneers

Steam bending: Poor to Very Poor Results

Screwing: Pre-boring recommended ; Turning: Very good

Painting: Fair to Good; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 657 kg/m3
Bending Strength 595 1165 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 252 574 kg/cm2
Hardness 546 kg
Impact Strength 73 101 cm
Shearing Strength 142 kg/cm2
Stiffness 106 142 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage %
Weight kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,91 1,26 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 8472 16572 psi
Density 41 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1205 lbs
Impact Strength 29 40 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3594 8173 psi
Shearing Strength 2027 psi
Stiffness 1509 2024 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 13 18 inch-lbs/in3
Weight 40 40 lbs/ft3

Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Heavy
Hardness = medium
Density = high
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high
Bending strength (MOR) = very high
Strength properties are comparable to those of European beech (Fagus ). Seasoned Silver birch is similar to Ash (Fraxinus ) in toughness

Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 6 Europe,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1937,A Handbook of Home-Grown Timbers,HMSOHMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.HMSO. 1985. Broadleaves. Forestry Commission Booklet No. 20. Text by H.E. Edlin. Revised by A.F. Mitchell. Forestry Commission, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Laidlaw, W.B.R.1960. Guide to British Hardwoods.Published by Leonard Hill [Books] Limited, 9 Eden Street, N.W.1, London.Lavers, G.M. 1967. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50 (Spersedes Bulletin No. 45). Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc. Fresno, CaliforniaLittle, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Western Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Nairn, P.M., Editor. 1936. Wood Specimens - 100 Reproductions in Color -A Series of Selected Timbers Reproduced in Natural Color with Introduction and Annotations by H.A. Cox. The Nema Press, Proprietors of Wood, London.Patterson, D. 1988. Commercial Timbers of the World. Fifth Edition. Gower Technical Press, Aldershot, UK. ix + 339 pp.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressT.D.A.,1942,Timber Leaflet No.69 Birch,TRADA Timber Leaflet
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