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Black birchBlack birchBlack birchBlack birch
Black birch (Betula pubescens)

Family: Betulaceae

Common names: Black birch, Common birch, English birch, European birch, Finnish birch, Glasbjork, Silver birch, Swedish birch, White birch

Distributed in: Finland, Norway, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom (Eastern Europe, Western Europe)

Common uses: Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Broom handles, Brush backs & handles, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Cooperages, Food containers, Furniture, Handles: general, Plywood, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer

Product sources: Birch is available in large quantities, but the three leading commercially valuable birches, Yellow birch (B. alleghaniensis), White birch (B. papyrifera), and Sweet birch (B. lenta), are often mixed and marketed together under the trade name Birch.

Tree size: Tree height is 50-60 m

Colors: the heart isWhite, White to creamand the sapwoodColor not distinct from heartwood, White.The grain isStraight, the textureFineand the lusterLustrous

Natural durability: Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles, Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack

Kiln Schedules: UK=F US=T6D4/T3D3 Fr=6

Drying Defects: Moderate twist/warp, Slight twist/warp

Ease of Drying: Thick Stock Requires Care

Blunting Effect: Little

Boring: Fairly difficult to very difficult

Carving: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw

Gluing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Mortising: Finishes well

Moulding: The moulding finish is usually good

Movement in Service: The moulding finish is usually good

Nailing: Poor to Very Poor , Possible if prebored

Planing: Planes well, to a good finish

Resistance to Impregnation: Heartwood is permeable

Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities

Routing recessing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Veneering qualities: No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting, There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits

Steam bending: Moderate

Turning: Good results

Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Finish is generally satisfactory;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 641 kg/m3
Bending Strength 804 1248 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 380 574 kg/cm2
Hardness kg
Impact Strength 86 cm
Shearing Strength kg/cm2
Stiffness 106 122 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 6 %
Weight 624 496 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 11442 17761 psi
Density 40 lbs/ft3
Impact Strength 34 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 5408 8171 psi
Stiffness 1511 1745 1000 psi
Weight 39 31 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 6 %
Tangential Shrinkage 10 %

Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Toughness-Hammer drop (impact strength) = medium
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Max. crushing strength = medium
Max. crushing strength = high
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = high

Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 6 Europe,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1937,A Handbook of Home-Grown Timbers,HMSOForests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentI.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingPatterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressT.D.A.,1942,Timber Leaflet No.69 Birch,TRADA Timber Leaflet
*Come interpretare i dati (manleva su eventuali imprecisioni)