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European birchEuropean birchEuropean birch
European birch (Betula sp.)

Family: Betulaceae

Common names: Birch, English birch, European birch, Finnish birch, Swedish birch

Distributed in: Finland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom (Eastern Europe, Mediterranean Sea Region, Western Europe)

Distribution overview: Europe (excluding the Mediterranean), North America, temperate Asia, and India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka.

Common uses: Bobbins, Broom handles, Brush backs & handles, Cabinetmaking, Dowells, Flooring, Furniture , Joinery, Marquetry, Paneling , Plywood, Posts, Turnery, Veneer

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm

Colors: the heart isRed, Very light brownand the sapwoodColor not distinct from heartwood .The grain isStraight, the textureMediumand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, resistant to powder-post beetle

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: UK=F (4/4)

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly

Drying Defects: Moderate to severe distortion, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on sawing is moderate

Boring: Worked surfaces are woolly

Cutting Resistance: Surfaces tend to be woolly

Gluing: Good properties

Nailing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Pre-boring recommended when nailing close to edges of material with irregular grain

Planing: Wood tends to be woolly

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Response to hand tools: Easy to Work

Veneering qualities: Can be sliced into highly decorative veneers for paneling

Steam bending: Good if free of pin knots and irregular grain

Screwing: Fair to Good Results, Fairly Easy to Very Easy; Turning: Very good

Polishing: Good; Staining: Staining properties are good;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,61
Density 641 kg/m3
Bending Strength 595 1165 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 252 574 kg/cm2
Hardness 546 kg
Impact Strength 73 101 cm
Shearing Strength 142 kg/cm2
Stiffness 106 142 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage %
Weight kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,91 1,26 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 8472 16572 psi
Density 40 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1205 lbs
Impact Strength 29 40 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3594 8175 psi
Shearing Strength 2027 psi
Stiffness 1509 2024 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 13 18 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.61
Weight 47 40 lbs/ft3

Heavy
Hardness = medium
Density = high
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high
Bending strength (MOR) = very high
Strength properties are comparable to those of European beech (Fagus). Seasoned Silver birch is similar to Ash (Fraxinus) in toughness

British Woodworking Federation. 1995. Which Wood . Published by the British Woodworking Federation, Broadway House, Tothill Street, London.HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.HMSO. 1985. Broadleaves. Forestry Commission Booklet No. 20. Text by H.E. Edlin. Revised by A.F. Mitchell. Forestry Commission, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Lavers, G.M. 1967. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50 (Spersedes Bulletin No. 45). Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc. Fresno, California.Nairn, P.M., Editor. 1936. Wood Specimens - 100 Reproductions in Color -A Series of Selected Timbers Reproduced in Natural Color with Introduction and Annotations by H.A. Cox. The Nema Press, Proprietors of Wood, London.
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