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Muhuhu (Brachylaena hutchinsii)
Family: Compositae Common names: Huhugwe, Kipugupugu, Mkalambaki, Mkarambaki, Mshenzi, Mubuubu, Muhugive, Muhugme, Muhugu, Muhugwe, Muhuhu, Mvumvo, Ol magogo, Watho, Wiatho Distributed in: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda (Africa) Distribution overview: Tropical east Africa. Common in the dry coastal forests of Tanzania and Kenya, but also recorded in Uganda. Common uses: Boxes and crates, Carvings, Domestic flooring, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Fuelwood, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Mine timbers, Musical instruments, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Piling, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Sub-flooring, Turnery, Woodwork Product sources: The ITTO reports that an occasional source for timber production in Ivory Coast, Gabon, Congo, Mozambique, and TanzaniaThe ITTO reports that a fairly important source of timber, and is exported in low quantities Environment profile: Secure in many areas of its range Tree size:
Large timber dimensions are rather difficult to obtain from the tree since the bole is usually of poor form. In-grown bark is also rather prevalent.
Colors: the heart isYellow to golden-yellow to orange, Yellowish brownand the sapwoodPink, White to yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureFine and evenand the lusterHigh
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Very durable Odor: Spicy scent Kiln Schedules: UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3 Kiln Drying Rate: Slow (18-28 days for boards < 32 mm, to 52-84 days for boards >= 63 mm)
Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying: Variable results. Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Generally weak in bending and stiffness, with high resistance to wear The timber is used in England for flooring in high-traffic areas in hotels and public building because of its attractive looks. India is reported to import small quantities of the wood to be used as a substitute for Sandalwood (Santalum album ) in cremation. Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on sawing is moderate Boring: Moderately easy Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Cutting Resistance: Proper saw needed to avoid overheating Gluing: Fair to Good Results Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding: Good finishing Movement in Service: Good finishing Nailing: Pre-Boring Recommended, Pre-boring recommended Planing: Requires reduced cutting angle Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities Routing recessing: Routing is difficult Sanding: Good sanding finish Veneering qualities: Diifficult to veneer, No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting Steam bending: Poor
Screwing: Pre-boring recommended
; Turning: Wood is brittle
Painting: Good; Polishing: Surface Preparation; Staining: Stains well and uniformly; Varnishing: Generally good
;
Max. crushing strength = high 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low 0 Hardness (side grain) = hard 0 Bending strength (MOR) = medium 0 Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low 0 Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu.ft. 0 Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Dnesity (dry wieght) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Radial = small Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Radial = very small Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Max. crushing strength = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Heavy Hardness = high Density = high Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Armstrong, F.H.,1960,The Strength Properties of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, London Bulletin,No.45Bois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. AustraliaBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World No.1 Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. MoshiChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Cronquist, A.,1957,Las Zygophyllaceas Venezolanas,Bull. Jard. Bot. Bruxelles,27(3,pp381-9Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOFernando, X.M.,1959,Notes on Ceylon Timbers,Ceylon Forester,4(2,pp227-31Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1954,Hardwoods for Industrial Flooring,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Leaflet, No.48Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1969,The Movement of Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Technical Note,No.38Fortin, Y., Poliquin, J.,1976,Natural Durability and Preservation of 100 Tropical African Woods,International Development Research Centre, CanadaGay, F.J., Et al,1955,Standard laboratory colonies of termites for evaluating the resistance of,timber, timber preservatives and other materials to termite attack.,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.277Grant, D.K.S.,1934,Some Local Timbers,Tanzania Forest DepartmentHMSO.1981.Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition.Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingITTO.1986.Tropical Timber Atlas, Volume 1 - Africa.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, 45bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex, France.Jane, F.W.,1954,The Structure of World Timbers - Loliondo and Muhuhu,Timber Technology,62(2184, pp493-5Kline, M. 1981. Brachylaena hutchinsii - Muhuhu. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 67-68.Lamb, G.N.,1951,Foreign Woods Brachylaena hutchinsii,Wood and Wood Products,56(10,p42Lavers, G. M. 1966.The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.McCoy-Hill, M.,1954,Timbers of Tanganyika - Brachylaena hutchinsii and Pterocarpus angolensis,Timber Technology,62(2185, p559McCoy-Hill, M.,1962,The Protection of Timber from Marine Borer Damage in East African,Waters,8th Brit. Commw. Forestry Conf. East AfricaMurira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi.Oliver, A.C.,1974,Timber for Marine and Freshwater Construction,TRADA, LondonPardy, A.A.,1955,Notes on Indigenous Trees and Shrubs of S. Rhodesia - Erythophleum,africanum,Ministry of Agriculture and Lands S. Rhodesia Bulletin,No.1851Patterson, D.N.,1963,The strength of Kenya timbers, their derivation and application,Kenya Forestry Department Research Bulletin,No.23Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonTakahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Tanzania - Timber Marketing Co. Ltd.,1978,Timber from TanzaniaTanzania Forest Department,1966,Flooring Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of TanganyikaTanzania Forest Department,1966,Timbers of Tanganyika - Brachylaena hutchsii,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of TanganyikaTanzania Forest Division,1966,Kiln Drying Schedules for Tanzania Timbers Technical Note no.38,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. MoshiTanzania Forest Division,1967,The Weights and Shrinkage of some Local Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sect. Technical Note,No.25Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Timber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA]Timber Information Assoc. Ltd.,1947,Notes on East African Timbers,TRADA, Timber Information, No.28Uganda Forest Department,1954,Flooring Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.17Uganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.Wimbush, S.H.,1950,Catalogue of Kenya Timbers,Govt. Printer Nairobi Kenya |
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