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database dei legni
Sande (Brosimum utile)
Family: Moraceae Common names: Amapa doce, Amapa rana, Amapadoce, Arbol de leche, Arbol de vaca, Avichuri, Barimiso, Capomo, Caucho macho, Cavo, Cedro montanes, Cocal, Cow tree, Cuqua, Mastate, Milk tree, Murere rana, Ogechi, Ojoche, Palo de leche, Palo de vaca, Palo de vaga, Sande, Vacuno Distributed in: Brazil, Colombia, Columbia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Suriname, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America) Distribution overview: Mexico and Central America to tropical South America.Tropical, lowland, moist, non-seasonal, broadleaved, closed forest. Common uses: Balusters, Bent Parts, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Construction, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Fiberboard, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Food containers, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Moldings, Office furniture, Packing cases, Particleboard, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Skis, Stairworks, Stools, Stringers, Veneer, Woodwork Product sources: The ITTO reports that an important source of timber. The timber is exported regularly. Environment profile: Widespread Tree size: Tree height is 20-30 m
Colors: the heart isYellowish brown, Yellowish whiteand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStraight to shallowly interlocked, the textureMedium coarse to coarseand the lusterSlightly lustrous
Natural durability: Very durable, Very little natural resistance Odor: No specific smell or taste
Kiln Schedules: UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3 Kiln Drying Rate: Very slow Drying Defects: Splitting, Warping can be expected Ease of Drying: Variable Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: Abnormal Wood Tissue General finishing qualities are rated as good Some material may contain tension wood which tends to affect machining operations. Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on sawing is mild
Boring: Fairly difficult to very difficult Carving: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Cutting Resistance: Internal stresses and fuzzy grain from tension wood causes cutters to burn from pinching Gluing: Good properties Mortising: Sharp cutting edges are necessary for easy mortise Moulding: Poor to Very Poor Movement in Service: Poor to Very Poor Nailing: Holds nails well, Pre-Boring Recommended Planing: Requires sharp cutting edges Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood Response to hand tools: Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Routing recessing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results
Screwing: Holds screws well, Pre-boring recommended; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Painting: Excellent; Polishing: Good to excellent; Staining: Staining properties are good; Varnishing: Very well
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Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = soft Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Max. crushing strength = low Hardness (side grain) = very soft Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Bending strength (MOR) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Resists denting and marring Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Heavy Hardness = very high Density = high Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = high Bendtsen, B.A., Chudnoff, M.,1981,Properties of Seven Colombian Woods,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison Research Note FPL0242Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBoone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods -Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Brown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant, and P. Vantomme.1990.Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentHoheisel, H., Karstedt, P.,1967,Identification of Ecuadorian Wood Sp. for possibilities of Utilization on,the basis of Technological Results,Institito Forestal Latino-Americana Merida VenezualaITTO. New Marketable Species Technical Notes. Prepared by Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, 94736 Nogent-sur-marne Cedex, FranceKukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Little, E.L.,1948,A Collection of Tree Specimens from Western Ecuador,Caribbean Forester,9(3,pp215-98Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressScheffer, T.C., Duncan, C.G.,1947,The Decay Resistance of certain Central American and Ecuadorian Woods,Tropical Woods,12(92, PP1-24Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4The Ecological Trading Company Limited (ETC, Newcastle upon Tyre, United Kingdom.U.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72USDA.1987.Wood Handbook:Wood as an Engineering Material. Agriculture Handbook No. 72.United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA.1988.Dry Kiln Operator's Manual, Preliminary Copy.United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Villamil, F.G.,1971,Maderas Colombianas,Proexpo ColombiaWCMC.1992.Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World.World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom. |
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