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VerawoodVerawoodVerawoodVerawood
Verawood (Bulnesia arborea)

Family: Zygophyllaceae

Common names: Bera, Bera cuchivaro, Berra, Congo cypress, Cuchivaro, Guayac de caracas, Guayacan, Guayacan de bola, Guayacan polvillo, Guayacan resino, Maracaibo, Maracaibo lignum vitae, Maracaibo lignum-vitae, Palo sano, Venesia, Vera, Vera aceituna, Vera amarilla, Vera azul, Vera blanca, Vera pocktree, Veraholz, Verawood

Distributed in: Brazil, Colombia, Columbia, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America)

Distribution overview: Coastal region of Colombia and Venezuela, common on the dry foothills between Porto Cabello and Lake Maracaibo.

Common uses: Bearings & bushings, Boat building (general), Brush backs & handles, Crossties, Heavy construction, Light construction, Machinery parts, Poles, Pulley wheels, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Turnery

Product sources: Verawood occurs in small numbers and is becoming even rarer, which makes it very expensive. The species also grows very slowly, and requires centuries to mature.

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isRed, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodPink, White to yellow.The grain isStriped figure, the textureVery fineand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Very durable, Very durable

Odor: Mild odor when warmed

Kiln Schedules: Dry at a slow speed

Drying Defects: Shakes, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Dries slowly with careful attention needed It requires careful attention because of its high density and resinous nature

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: Generally very strong , very heavy, highly rigid, high resistance, self-lubricating

Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on sawing is severe

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Cutting Resistance: Difficult to saw Very high density and cross-grain combine to make seasoned wood very difficult to process.

Gluing: Impossible to glue Resists all types of adhesives

Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Planing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Resistance to Impregnation: Heartwood is extremely resistant

Response to hand tools: Easy to Work

Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Veneering qualities: Suitable for peeling, Suitable for slicing

Turning: Very good

Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Difficult to stain. ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,92
Density 1137 kg/m3
Bending Strength kg/cm2
Crushing Strength kg/cm2
Hardness kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength kg/cm2
Stiffness 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage %
Weight kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Density 71 lbs/ft3
Specific Gravity 0.92
Weight 62 56 lbs/ft3

Density (dry weight) = > 75 lbs/cu.ft.
Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft.
Density = high
Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu.ft.

Arno, J. 1992. Bulnesia arborea - Verawood. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World, Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 72-73.Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme.1990.Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Cronquist, A.,1957,Las Zygophyllaceas Venezolanas,Bull. Jard. Bot. Bruxelles,27(3,pp381-9Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRecord, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. PressRecord, S.J.,1921,A Study of the Woods of the Zygophyllaceae with reference to the True,Lignum vitae of Commerce - its sources, properties, uses and substitutes,Yale University School of Forestry Bulletin,No.6Timber Development Association,1943,Timber Leaflet no. 86 Lignum Vitae,TRADA Timber leafletTimber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA]WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
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