Burkea (Burkea africana)
Family: Leguminosae
Common names: Aradibo, Atakpla, Avadibo, Bak'in, Bomni, Burkea, Bwamiri, Bwanzalenga, Cabilangan, Dagbongum, Esseresu opirimu, Gbagbongum, K'iryar dutse, Kapanga, Karya gatari, Kinkili, Kinkiri, Kirintanga, Kokobi, Kolo, Kombo, Kur'di, Kuru, Langengu, M'carati, Maccarati, Mak'arfo, Makarati, Make, Malawi, Mgando, Mkarati, Monoodo, Msangala, Mucarala, Mucarati, Mukalati, Mukarati, Musheshe, Mutundungu, Namijin k'irya, Pinimo, Pirimo, Pirimu, Sandering, Siri, Tachale, Tschesili, Tschingli, Umnondo, Wild seringa, Wilde sering, Wildesering
Distributed in: Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe (Africa)
Distribution overview: Widely distributed in dry savanna forests from Nigeria southward to Transvaal.
Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Charcoal, Construction, Crossties, Domestic flooring, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Mine timbers, Office furniture, Parquet flooring, Poles, Posts, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Tool handles, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts
Environment profile: Very little threat to its natural environment.
Tree size: Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm
Colors: the heart isTurn reddish brown upon exposure, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodPinkish, White to yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMediumand the lusterLustrous
Natural durability: Untreated wood in contact with ground is very resistant to decay, Very durable
Odor: No specific smell or taste
LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3
Kiln Drying Rate: Very slow (>28 days for boards < 32 mm, to >84 days for boards >= 63 mm)
Drying Defects: Slight end splitting, Slight problem with splitting and distortion
Ease of Drying: Variable results.
Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good
Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw
Gluing: Glues well
Moulding: Poor moulding
Movement in Service: Poor moulding
Nailing: Possible if prebored, Pre-boring is recommended to avoid splitting
Planing: Torn grain is common
Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable
Resistance to Splitting: Poor
Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities
Sanding: Good sanding finish
Screwing: Pre-boring suggested to avoid splitting
; Turning: Good results
Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Staining properties are good
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- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
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Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
0,64 |
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Density |
|
849 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
761 |
1161 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
380 |
574 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
822 |
kg |
Impact Strength |
|
137 |
cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
174 |
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
88 |
103 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
5 |
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% |
Radial Shrinkage |
2 |
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% |
Weight |
833 |
705 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
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cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
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cm-kg |
Static Bending |
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kg/cm2 |
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| | | | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 10836 | 16513 | psi | Density | | 53 | lbs/ft3 | Hardness | | 1813 | lbs | Impact Strength | | 54 | inches | Maximum Crushing Strength | 5408 | 8171 | psi | Shearing Strength | | 2475 | psi | Stiffness | 1264 | 1472 | 1000 psi | Specific Gravity | 0.64 | | | Weight | 52 | 44 | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 2 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 5 | | % | Volumetric Shrinkage | 8 | | % | |
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Radial = small Max. crushing strength = high Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu.ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Hardness (side grain) = medium Dnesity (dry wieght) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Bending strength (MOR) = high Very heavy Toughness-Hammer drop (impact Strength) = high Shrinkage, Volumetric = very small Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Hardness (side grain) = very hard Hardness (side grain) = soft Density = high Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = very high
Babajide, Lucas E., Shegun, Ajayi D.,1966,Stiffness and specific gravity related to other mechanical properties for,seven tropical timbers.,Nigeria Federal Department Forest Research, Ibadan, Report No.10Banks, C.H. and J.P. Schoeman. 1963. Railway Sleeper and Crossing Timbers. Bulletin No. 41, Republic of South Africa. The Government Printer, Pretoria, South Africa.Banks, C.H., Kromhout, C.P.,1966,Notes on the Timber of Burkea africana Hook with Particular Reference to,Material from S.W.Africa,Bosbou in Suid-Afrika,No.7, pp17-29Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. MoshiChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Dalziel, J.M.,1937,The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa,Crown Agents for the ColoniesEggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaErfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFanshawe, D.B.,1962,Fifty Common Trees of Northern Rhodesia,Natural Resources Board and Forestry Department, NdolaFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOFerreirinha, M.P.,1955,Catalogo des Madeiras de Mocambique (pt 1,Min. do Ultramar Junta Invest. do Ultranar Memorias Serie Botanica, 2Fortin, Y., Poliquin, J.,1976,Natural Durability and Preservation of 100 Tropical African Woods,International Development Research Centre, CanadaHMSO.1981.Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition.Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Irvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonJay, B.A.,1968,Timbers of West Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesKeay, R.W.J.1989. Trees of Nigeria.Revised Version of Nigerian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi.Organisation for European Economic Co-operation,1951,African Tropical Timber (Nomenclature, Description,OEECPardy, A.A.,1952,Notes on Indigenous Trees and Shrubs of S. Rhodesia - Burkea africana,(Hook,Ministry of Agriculture and Lands S. Rhodesia Bulletin No.1651Scott, J.D.,1950,Some Nigerian Timbers,Nigerian Forestry DepartmentScott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1Scott, M.H.,1950,Notes on the more Important African Timbers Imported into the Union with,Special Ref. to Port. E.A. Species,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No.19,pp18-62,[South,African Forestry Journal]Scott, M.H.,1953,Utilisation Notes on South African Timbers,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.36Storrs, A.E.G.,1979,Know your Trees - Some of the Common Trees found in Zambia,Zambia Forestry Department, NdolaTakahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Tanzania Forest Department,1960,The Natural Durability of Local Timbers,Tanzanian Forest Dept. Tech. Note,No.14Tanzania Forest Department,1961,Timbers of Tanganyika - Brachystegia spiciformis,Tanzania Forest Dept. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of TanganyikaTanzania Forest Division,1966,Kiln Drying Schedules for Tanzania Timbers Technical Note no.38,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. MoshiTanzania Forest Division,1967,Timbers of Tanganyika - Burkea africana,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of TanganyikaWCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.White, F.,1962,Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia,O.U.P. London
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