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BurkeaBurkea
Burkea (Burkea africana)

Family: Leguminosae

Common names: Aradibo, Atakpla, Avadibo, Bak'in, Bomni, Burkea, Bwamiri, Bwanzalenga, Cabilangan, Dagbongum, Esseresu opirimu, Gbagbongum, K'iryar dutse, Kapanga, Karya gatari, Kinkili, Kinkiri, Kirintanga, Kokobi, Kolo, Kombo, Kur'di, Kuru, Langengu, M'carati, Maccarati, Mak'arfo, Makarati, Make, Malawi, Mgando, Mkarati, Monoodo, Msangala, Mucarala, Mucarati, Mukalati, Mukarati, Musheshe, Mutundungu, Namijin k'irya, Pinimo, Pirimo, Pirimu, Sandering, Siri, Tachale, Tschesili, Tschingli, Umnondo, Wild seringa, Wilde sering, Wildesering

Distributed in: Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe (Africa)

Distribution overview: Widely distributed in dry savanna forests from Nigeria southward to Transvaal.

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Charcoal, Construction, Crossties, Domestic flooring, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Mine timbers, Office furniture, Parquet flooring, Poles, Posts, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Tool handles, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts

Environment profile: Very little threat to its natural environment.

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm

Colors: the heart isTurn reddish brown upon exposure, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodPinkish, White to yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMediumand the lusterLustrous

Natural durability: Untreated wood in contact with ground is very resistant to decay, Very durable

Odor: No specific smell or taste

LightInduced Color Change: Darker

Kiln Schedules: UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3

Kiln Drying Rate: Very slow (>28 days for boards < 32 mm, to >84 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Drying Defects: Slight end splitting, Slight problem with splitting and distortion

Ease of Drying: Variable results.

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw

Gluing: Glues well

Moulding: Poor moulding

Movement in Service: Poor moulding

Nailing: Possible if prebored, Pre-boring is recommended to avoid splitting

Planing: Torn grain is common

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Resistance to Splitting: Poor

Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities

Sanding: Good sanding finish

Screwing: Pre-boring suggested to avoid splitting ; Turning: Good results

Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Staining properties are good ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,64
Density 849 kg/m3
Bending Strength 761 1161 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 380 574 kg/cm2
Hardness 822 kg
Impact Strength 137 cm
Shearing Strength 174 kg/cm2
Stiffness 88 103 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 5 %
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Weight 833 705 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 10836 16513 psi
Density 53 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1813 lbs
Impact Strength 54 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 5408 8171 psi
Shearing Strength 2475 psi
Stiffness 1264 1472 1000 psi
Specific Gravity 0.64
Weight 52 44 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Tangential Shrinkage 5 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 8 %

Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Max. crushing strength = medium
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Max. crushing strength = high
Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu.ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Dnesity (dry wieght) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Very heavy
Toughness-Hammer drop (impact Strength) = high
Shrinkage, Volumetric = very small
Shrinkage, Volumetric = small
Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Hardness (side grain) = very hard
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Density = high
Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = very high

Babajide, Lucas E., Shegun, Ajayi D.,1966,Stiffness and specific gravity related to other mechanical properties for,seven tropical timbers.,Nigeria Federal Department Forest Research, Ibadan, Report No.10Banks, C.H. and J.P. Schoeman. 1963. Railway Sleeper and Crossing Timbers. Bulletin No. 41, Republic of South Africa. The Government Printer, Pretoria, South Africa.Banks, C.H., Kromhout, C.P.,1966,Notes on the Timber of Burkea africana Hook with Particular Reference to,Material from S.W.Africa,Bosbou in Suid-Afrika,No.7, pp17-29Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. MoshiChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Dalziel, J.M.,1937,The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa,Crown Agents for the ColoniesEggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaErfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFanshawe, D.B.,1962,Fifty Common Trees of Northern Rhodesia,Natural Resources Board and Forestry Department, NdolaFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOFerreirinha, M.P.,1955,Catalogo des Madeiras de Mocambique (pt 1,Min. do Ultramar Junta Invest. do Ultranar Memorias Serie Botanica, 2Fortin, Y., Poliquin, J.,1976,Natural Durability and Preservation of 100 Tropical African Woods,International Development Research Centre, CanadaHMSO.1981.Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition.Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Irvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonJay, B.A.,1968,Timbers of West Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesKeay, R.W.J.1989. Trees of Nigeria.Revised Version of Nigerian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi.Organisation for European Economic Co-operation,1951,African Tropical Timber (Nomenclature, Description,OEECPardy, A.A.,1952,Notes on Indigenous Trees and Shrubs of S. Rhodesia - Burkea africana,(Hook,Ministry of Agriculture and Lands S. Rhodesia Bulletin No.1651Scott, J.D.,1950,Some Nigerian Timbers,Nigerian Forestry DepartmentScott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1Scott, M.H.,1950,Notes on the more Important African Timbers Imported into the Union with,Special Ref. to Port. E.A. Species,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No.19,pp18-62,[South,African Forestry Journal]Scott, M.H.,1953,Utilisation Notes on South African Timbers,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.36Storrs, A.E.G.,1979,Know your Trees - Some of the Common Trees found in Zambia,Zambia Forestry Department, NdolaTakahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Tanzania Forest Department,1960,The Natural Durability of Local Timbers,Tanzanian Forest Dept. Tech. Note,No.14Tanzania Forest Department,1961,Timbers of Tanganyika - Brachystegia spiciformis,Tanzania Forest Dept. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of TanganyikaTanzania Forest Division,1966,Kiln Drying Schedules for Tanzania Timbers Technical Note no.38,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. MoshiTanzania Forest Division,1967,Timbers of Tanganyika - Burkea africana,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of TanganyikaWCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.White, F.,1962,Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia,O.U.P. London
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