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Gumbo-limbo (Bursera simaruba)
Family: Burseraceae Common names: Aceitero, Almacigo, Almacigo blanco, Almacigo colorado, Almicogo encarnado, Archipen, Balsam tree, Balsam-tree, Birch, Birch gum, Budge, Cachibou, Carana, Carana caspi, Carate, Caratero, Caratosa, CaraChaca, Chibou, Chibu, Chinacahuite, Chino, Chioue, Copon, Cucheme, Dibit-kra, Dori-tska, Dryland gommier, Gomard, Gombolimbo, Gomier blanc, Gommari, Gommart, Gommier, Gommier barriere, Gommier blanc, Gommier gris, Gommier maudit, Gommier mombin, Gommier rouge, Guacimo, Gum elemi, Gumbo-limbo, Gumtree, Hukup, Imbrana, Incense tree, Indian nue, Indian rue, Indien rue, Indio desnudo, Indio en cuero, Jicote, Jinicuite, Jinocuabo, Jinocuave, Jinocuavo, Jinote, Jiote, Jiao, Jobo pelon, Karmari, Limbo, Mara, Mara colorado, Mararo, Mastic, Mastic tree, Mexican white birch, Mulato, Mulatto tree, Naked boy, Naked indian, Paaloe sieja doesji, Palloe sieja maatsjoe, Palo chino, Palo colorado, Palo de incienso, Palo jiote, Palo mulato, Palo retino, Peeling bark, Peeling bark gommier, Pellejo de indio, Piocha, Red birch, Red chaka, Red gombo, Red gombo limbo, Red gombolimbo, Resbalo mono, Sac-chacah, Sieja blanko, Torchwood, Torote, Turpentine tree, West Indian, West Indian birch, Xiooquauitl, Zongalica Distributed in: Bahamas, Colombia, Columbia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadelope [France], Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands, Panama, Puerto Rico [US], Trinidad and Tobago, United States, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America, North America, Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: Of common occurrence in southern Florida, the West Indies, southern Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. The tree is not exacting as to site and moisture conditions but reaches its best development in lowland forests. On some sites it occurs as pure or nearly pure forests. Common uses: Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Casks, Charcoal, Concrete formwork, Core Stock, Flooring, Foundation posts, Fuelwood, General carpentry, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Marine construction, Matchboxes, Matches, Packing cases, Particleboard, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Stakes, Structural plywood, Toothpicks, Toys, Utility plywood, Veneer Product sources: Although Gumbo-limbo is abundant within its growth range it is not considered a major timber in international commerce. It is of little importance in the building trade because of its low strength and poor weathering qualities. It is sometimes found on the U.S. market in the form of low grade plywood from Mexico. Environment profile: Some long-term concern for the species Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow to golden-yellow to orange, Yellowish brownand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMedium coarse to coarseand the lusterModerate to high
Natural durability: Very durable, Vulnerable to termite and powder-post beetle attack Odor: No specific smell or taste
Kiln Schedules: Drying (speed) is fast Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly
Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying: Slowly Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is not buttressed
Comments: Exudes resin General finishing qualities are rated as good General strength properties = low Variable Wood properties are reported to vary considerably since Gumbo-limbo tends grow over a wide area, with potentially very different growing conditions Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on sawing is mild
Boring: Use very sharp cutting edges to prevent grain from tearing Carving: May have torn grain Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Gluing: Easy to glue
Mortising: Easy to mortise Moulding: Easy Movement in Service: Easy Nailing: Easy to nail, Holds nails well Planing: Torn grain is common Resistance to Impregnation: Heartwood is permeable
Resistance to Splitting: Excellent
Response to hand tools: Worked surfaces may be fuzzy Sanding: Good sanding finish Veneering qualities: Moderately easy to veneer, Suitable for peeling
Screwing: Good screwing properties, Screwing yields satisfactory results; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Staining (Characteristic) = coloured water-soluble extract;
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low 0 Hardness (side grain) = very soft 0 Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Shrinkage, Radial = very small 0 Bending strength (MOR) = very high 0 Shrinkage, Tangential = very small 1 Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Max. crushing strength = low Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Max crushing strength = very low Vulnerable to denting and scratching Vulnerable to denting and marring Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = soft Density = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Arno, J. 1992. Bursera simaruba - Gumbo-limbo. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 75-76.Belize,1946,42 Secondary Hardwood Timbers of British Honduras,British Honduras Forest Department Bulletin,No.1Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBrazier, J.D., Franklin, G.L.,1967,An Appraisal of the Wood Characteristics and Potential Uses of some,Nicaraguan Timbers,FAO for Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughBritton, N.L., Millspaugh, C.F.,1920,The Bahama Flora,Britton & Millspaugh,New YorkBrown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 9 Central America and the Caribbean,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesCaribbean Commission,1952,Information on properties of timbers gathered by questionnaire and,collated in the secretariat of the Caribbean Commission including some,related data from technical literature.,Caribbean Commission, Port of Spain, Trinidad Caribbean Timbers, their,Utilization and Trade within the area CTUTA/1/Doc.7 + App.1-18Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Englerth, G.H.,1960,Service Life of some Puerto Rican Post Species tested with 10%,Pentachlorophenol by Cold Soaking,Caribbean Forester,21(1&2,pp38-40Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFlores Rodriguez, L.J.,1969,Description Caracteristicas y usos de 25 Maderas tropicales,Mexicanas,Camera Nacional de la Industria de la Construccion Serie Maderas de MexicoFors, A.J.,1965,Maderas Cubanas,Inst. Nac. Ref. Agraria La HabaraGomez-Vazquez, B.G.,1981,Wood structure and potential end uses of some lesser known Mexican timber,species,Thesis for Msc. Univ. Wales BangorI.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingKribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods LaboratoryKukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Limaye, V.D.,1946,Safe Working Stresses for Indian Timbers,Indian Forest Records (N.S. Utilisation,4(1,pp1-31Little, E.L., Wadsworth, F.H.,1964,Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.249Longwood, F.R.,1961,Puerto Rican Woods - Their Machining Seasoning and Related Characteristics,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.205Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207Markwardt, L.J., Wilson, T.R.C.,1935,Strength and related properties of woods grown in the United States,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin,No.479Marshall, R.C.,1939,Silviculture of the trees of Trinidad and Tobago - British West Indies,O.U.P.,LondonPerpetua Hardwoods.Sea Star Trading Co. - Purveyors of Fine Wood.Newport, Oregon.Personal Communication, 1993.Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRecord, S.J.,1927,Trees of Honduras,Tropical Woods,10, pp10-47Saks, E.V.,1954,Tropical Hardwoods for veneer Production in Mexico,Caribbean Forester,15(3&4, pp112-9Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSchulz, H., Grotthuss, O.K.N. von,1968,Investigacion de algunas Especies Arboreas de los Bosques Tropicales de,Mexico (2nd part,Mexico y sus Bosques,24(3,pp4-21Slooten, H.J. van der, Venezuela-Laboratories Nacional de ProductosForestates,1971,Maderas Latino americanos 6 Bursera simaruba, Poulsenia armata,,Pterocarpus officinalis y Ficus werckleana,Turrialba,21(1,pp69-76Swabey, C.,1941,The Principal Timbers of Jamaica,Department of Science and Agriculture Jamaica Bulletin No.29Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Volkart, C.,1965,Recopilacion dedatos sobre propiedacies y usos maderos del Bosque Tropical,de las Costa Atlantica de Nicaragua,Turrialba,15(1, pp43-57WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom. |
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