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Boxwood
Boxwood (Buxus sempervirens)

Family: Buxaceae

Common names: Abassian boxwood, Assame-tsuge, Bois commun, Box, Boxwood, Chikri, Circassian boxwood, Common box, European boxwood, Indian boxwood, Iranian boxwood, Japanese box, North African boxwood, Papar, Paprang, Papri, Persian boxwood, Shamshad, Shanda laghune, Shibsashin, Shumaj, True box, Turkey boxwood, Turkish boxwood

Distributed in: France, Germany, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom (Africa, Eastern Europe, Mediterranean Sea Region, Oceania and S.E. Asia, Western Europe)

Distribution overview: Native to a few locations in Southern England and distributed though Southern Europe, N.Africa and Western Asia. Prefers chalk and limestone slopes sometimes with Beech. Europe, excluding the Mediterranean, except for the Mediterranean region including N. Africa and Middle East. Also in temperate Asia and India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The species occurs as an understory tree in mixed stands with Beech and is highly tolerant of shade.

Common uses: Bearings & bushings, Boat building (general), Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Chessmen, Croquet mallets, Engraving, Handles: general, Inlay work, Ladders, Mathematical instruments, Musical instruments , Musical instruments, Plywood, Rulers, Shade rollers, Shuttles, Sporting Goods, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer

Product sources: Supplies of Boxwood are very limited, and its price is rather high.

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Tree height is 10-20 m

Colors: the heart isYellow to golden-yellow to orange, Yellowish whiteand the sapwoodColor not distinct from heartwood, Yellow.The grain isStraight to irregular, the textureMediumand the lusterPronounced

Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very durable

Odor: No specific smell or taste

LightInduced Color Change: Darker

Kiln Schedules: UK=B US=T2C2/T2C1 Fr=2

Drying Defects: Severe surface checking, Slight surface checking

Ease of Drying: Requires slow drying to prevent end splitting

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is misshapen

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Gernerally only available in small sizes

Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on sawing is moderate

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw

Gluing: Good properties

Nailing: Possible if prebored, Pre-boring is recommended to avoid splitting

Planing: Ease of planing is moderate

Resistance to Impregnation: Preservative treatment is generally unnecessary The typical uses of Boxwood are reported to make treatment with chemical preservatives unnecessary.

Resistance to Splitting: Poor

Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities

Sanding: Required after machining

Steam bending: Good

Screwing: Possible if prebored, Screwing yields good results; Turning: Good results

Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Finish is generally good;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,83
Density 881 kg/m3
Bending Strength 954 1473 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 485 699 kg/cm2
Hardness 1333 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 155 kg/cm2
Stiffness 152 175 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Weight 881 721 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 13576 20956 psi
Density 55 lbs/ft3
Hardness 2940 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 6899 9945 psi
Shearing Strength 2205 psi
Stiffness 2167 2494 1000 psi
Specific Gravity 0.83
Weight 55 45 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %

Dnesity (dry wieght) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu.ft.
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Very heavy
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Hardness (side grain) = very hard
Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft.

Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. AustraliaBoone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 6 Europe,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No.5 Philippines and Japan,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesClifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonClifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOFindlay, W.P.K.,1975,Timber: Properties and Uses,Crosby Lockwood Staples London,224PPForests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentHarrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32HMSO. 1985. Broadleaves. Forestry Commission Booklet No. 20. Text by H.E. Edlin. Revised by A.F. Mitchell. Forestry Commission, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Jackson, A. and D. Day. 1992. Good Wood Handbook - The Wood worker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood. HarperCollins Publishers, LondonKline, M. 1977. Buxus sempervirens - Boxwood. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 77-78.Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Kribbs, D.A. 1959. Commercial Foreign Woods on the American Market. Buckhout Lab., Dept. of Botany, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.Laidlaw, W.B.R.1960. Guide to British Hardwoods.Published by Leonard Hill [Books] Limited, 9 Eden Street, N.W.1, London.Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc. Fresno, California.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonStone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider & Sons Ltd. LondonTitmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition
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