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Beach calophyllumBeach calophyllum
Beach calophyllum (Calophyllum inophyllum)

Family: Guttiferae

Common names: Alexandrian laurel, Aptakas, Beach calophyllum, Beauty leaf, Bintangor, Biotu, Bitanghol, Bitaog, Biyuch, Biyuuch, Btaches, Damanu, Fteh, Ka thang han, Ka thang lan, Legitu, Penaga, Rakich, Tamanou, Tang hon, Wangu

Distributed in: Australia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Vietnam (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: The ball nut is a native tree of coastal areas of northern Australia. It prefers the relatively sheltered, well-drained sites on sandy beaches and dune systems along the coastline of central and northern Queensland. Although it will persist on the drier parts of the coastline, it grows more vigorously and exhibits greater tolerance to exposure on the higher rainfall areas of the tropical coast. Native to coasts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, introduced to some places such as Hawaii. Common in Singapore.

Common uses: Balusters, Bedroom suites, Boat building, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Drum sticks, Excelsior, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Mine timbers, Musical instruments , Precision instruments, Pulpwood, Shipbuilding, Vehicle parts

Environment profile: Generally secure within most of its natural habitat, but note exceptions.

Tree size: Tree height is 20-30 m

Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isModerately to severely interlocked, the textureMediumand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Perishable, Susceptible to attack by marine borers and termites

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: T2 - D4 (4/4); T2 - D3 (8/4) US

Drying Defects: Moderate twist/warp, Slight surface checking

Ease of Drying: Special attention required

Comments: Deposits in Wood - Wood vessels contain a red deposit.Ornamental species The species is highly favored as an ornamental tree. It is also widely cultivated for its oil in many tropical regions.

Cutting Resistance: Material with interlocked grain can be difficult. Sawn surfaces can be wooly

Mortising: Interlocked grain effects mortising

Moulding: Requires very sharp cutting edges Very sharp edges required to keep grain from tearing

Movement in Service: Requires very sharp cutting edges Very sharp edges required to keep grain from tearing

Planing: Special attention required

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is easily treatable

Response to hand tools: Wood usually has interlocked grain, making it more difficult to work with hand tools


Polishing: Requires a filler;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,51 0,55
Density 624 kg/m3
Bending Strength 637 998 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 81 120 kg/cm2
Hardness 646 kg
Impact Strength 78 cm
Shearing Strength 149 kg/cm2
Stiffness 95 117 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage %
Weight 721 608 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 602 cm-kg
Static Bending 451 651 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 9067 14205 psi
Crushing Strength 1162 1714 psi
Density 39 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1426 lbs
Impact Strength 31 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 4312 7223 psi
Shearing Strength 2132 psi
Static Bending 6426 9269 psi
Stiffness 1365 1668 1000 psi
Toughness 523 inch-lbs
Specific Gravity 0.51 0.55
Weight 45 38 lbs/ft3
Volumetric Shrinkage 10 %

Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high
Bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content) is high - comparable to Teak. Maximum crushing strength, or compression strength parallel to grain, is high. Some familiar species with high crushing strength parallel to grain include Hard maple, Teak, and White oak. It is fairly hard, resisting wear, denting, and marring fairly well. It is heavy. The density is high

Chowdhury, K.A. and S.S. Ghosh. 1958. Indian Woods - Their Identification, Properties and Uses, Volume I - Dilleniaceae to Elaeocarpaceae. Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi, India.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Desch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers. The Malayan Forester, 28(30):315-318.Eddowes, P.J. 1977. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea - Their Properties and Uses. Forest Products Research Center, Office of Forests, Department of Primary Industry, Papua New Guinea.Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Lauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B. 1966. The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Lumberman, 12(5):A-H.Limaye, V.D. 1954. Grouping of Indian Timbers and their Properties, Uses and Suitability. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 2, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.Limaye, V.D. and B.R. Sen. 1956. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Indian Forest Records (New Series). Timber Mechanics. Volume 1 No. 4. Manager of Publications (Publisher, Delhi.WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
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