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Black maple
Black maple (Acer nigrum)

Family: Aceraceae

Common names: Black maple, Black sugar maple, Hard maple, Hard rock maple, Maple, Rock maple, Sugar maple

Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America)

Distribution overview: Black maple in North America grows in the Upper Midwest, Southern Ontario and Quebec south to Tennessee. It grows from New York west to Missouri, Iowa, and barely into Kansas. Disjunct populations occur in New England, North Carolina, Virginia, and Arkansas. Black maple is very tolerant of competition, and slow growing. It grows in mixed stands with other mesic site species, particularly with: American basswood, American beech, white ash, yellow buckeye, northern red oak, yellow-poplar, and eastern hemlock. On floodplains, black maple is found on the upper bottoms with American basswood, slippery and American elm, and red maple. On poorer, more xeric sites black maple may be abundant in the understory but rarely reaches the canopy. Ecologically as well as botanically, black maple closely resembles sugar maple.

Common uses: Baskets, Boards, Bowling Pins, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Casks, Chairs, Charcoal, Chests, Clogs, Concealed parts (Furniture), Crossties, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Dressed boards, Drum sticks, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Food containers, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Handles, Hatracks, Interior construction, Kitchen cabinets, Living-room suites, Lumber, Musical instruments , Office furniture, Organ pipes, Paneling , Railroad ties, Tool handles, Windows

Product sources: Plain hard maple is readily available in both lumber and veneer forms. Figured hard maple is rather limited in availability and is therefore more expensive.

Environment profile: Widespread

Tree size: Tree height is 20-30 m

Colors: the heart isRed, Reddish brownand the sapwoodWhite White with a reddish tinge .The grain isWavy, the textureVery fine

Natural durability: Perishable More durable than some maples and more fire resistant compared to other wood species Susceptible to attack by decay causing fungi, furniture beetle, and is liable to blue stain.

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: 8 - C3 (4/4) T5 - C2 (8/4) US

Drying Defects: Internal Honeycombing Possible, Sapwood discoloration possible due to extractives.

Ease of Drying: Thick Stock Requires Care

Comments: Black maple and Sugar maple are very difficult to differentiate. They are up to 25 percent harder than the soft maples, and are used more often for visible parts of furniture. They are also valued for their strength, wear resistance and beauty, which make them a popular choice for applications such as flooring in high volume traffic areas

Blunting Effect: Moderate

Boring: Very good to excellent results

Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Fairly difficult to saw because of its density and hardness.

Gluing: Fairly difficult to glue

Mortising: Very Good to Excellent

Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: Poor nailing properties, Poor to Very Poor

Planing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Sanding: Poor to Very Poor Results

Veneering qualities: Various figures can yield decorative veneers, Veneers easily

Steam bending: Fair/moderate (,50% of pieces are unbroken during steam bending)

Screwing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult, Fairly Easy to Very Easy; Turning: Good results

Staining: Good staining properties;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,45 0,52
Density kg/m3
Bending Strength 544 916 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 41 70 kg/cm2
Hardness 524 kg
Impact Strength 119 98 cm
Shearing Strength 125 kg/cm2
Stiffness 91 111 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Weight 689 560 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,84 0,91 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 7742 13034 psi
Crushing Strength 588 1000 psi
Hardness 1156 lbs
Impact Strength 47 39 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3205 6546 psi
Shearing Strength 1784 psi
Stiffness 1303 1588 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 12 13 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.45 0.52
Weight 43 35. lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 14 %

Resists denting and marring
Heavy
Hardness = medium
Crushing strength = high
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high
Bending strength (MOR) = high

Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, WisconsinCanadian Forestry Service. 1981.Canadian Woods - Their Properties and Uses. Third Edition. E.J. Mullins and T.S. McKnight, Editors. Published by University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada.HMSO, 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, BuckinghamshireKaiser, J.Wood of the Month: Hard Maple - The Most Popular Maple.Wood and Wood Products, February 1991,Page 38.Kaiser, J. 1989. Wood of the Month - Maple: The Star of Autumn, the Sweetness of Spring. Wood of the Month Annual, Volume, Supplement to Wood and Wood Products. Pages 37-38.Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc. Fresno, California.Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Guide to N. American Trees - Easter Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. Textbook of Wood Technology. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook:Wood as an Engineering Material. Agriculture Handbook No. 72. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
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