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Degame
Degame (Calycophyllum candidissimum)

Family: Rubiaceae

Common names: Alazano, Araguato, Betun, Calan, Camaron, Chulub, Colorado, Conejo, Dagame, Degame, Degame lancewood, Degame spars, Degamme, Espino madrono, Guatagire, Guayabillo, Guayabo, Guayabo alazano, Guayabo colorado, Guayabo joveroso, Harino, Lance wood, Laurac, Lemonwood, Madrono, Marfim, Palo camaron, Salamo, Solano, Surra, Surr￿Uca, Urraco

Distributed in: Belize, Colombia, Columbia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: Occurs in Cuba and ranges from southern Mexico through Central America to Colombia and Venezuela.Degame may occur in pure stands and is common on shaded hillsides and along waterways.

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bearings & bushings, Boat building: framing, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Domestic flooring, Factory flooring, Fishing rods , Fishing rods, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture, Handles, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Marine construction, Picker sticks, Piling, Shafts/Handles, Shuttles, Sills, Specialty items, Sporting Goods, Sub-flooring, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Wharf construction, Wheel spokes, Wheels

Product sources: Unlike many timbers, the heartwood of Degame is of no commercial value, but the sapwood has many significant uses. The timber is very scarce on the U.S. market and is expensive since its primary source is Cuba.

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isWell defined, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite, White to yellow.The grain isStriped figure, the textureVery fineand the lusterSlightly lustrous

Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles, Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera)

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Silica Content: Siliceous

Kiln Schedules: UK=B US=T2C2/T2C1 Fr=2

Drying Defects: Moderate twist/warp, Slight spring/bow

Ease of Drying: Variable results.

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is unknown

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Slight effect

Boring: Moderately easy

Cutting Resistance: Satisfactory sawing properties

Gluing: Glues well

Nailing: Holds nails well, Tends to split during nailing

Planing: Responds well to planing and other machining operations

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities

Steam bending: Good

Screwing: Good screw holding properties ; Turning: Good results

Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Very good staining characteristics;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,62 0,74
Density 801 kg/m3
Bending Strength 995 1539 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 73 109 kg/cm2
Hardness 823 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 153 kg/cm2
Stiffness 138 161 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 785 608 kg/m3
Maximum Load 1,12 1,61 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 284 cm-kg
Static Bending 505 856 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 14153 21893 psi
Crushing Strength 1049 1558 psi
Density 50 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1816 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 6620 9909 psi
Shearing Strength 2185 psi
Static Bending 7183 12181 psi
Stiffness 1974 2298 1000 psi
Toughness 247 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 16 23 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.62 0.74
Weight 49 38 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 12 %

Bending strength (MOR) = high 0
Max. crushing strength = high 0
Hardness (side grain) = medium 0
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high 1
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large 0
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Max. crushing strength = medium
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high
Bending strength (MOR) = very high
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content) is exceptionally high. It is far superior in strength to either Teak or Hard maple. Maximum crushing strength, or compression parallel to grain in the air-dry condition, is in the very high range. It is stronger than Hard maple, White oak, or Teak. It is hard - harder than Teak, and does not marr or dent easily. It is a very heavy wood. The species has very high density.

Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBoone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods -Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Brown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 9 Central America and the Caribbean,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonErfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOFlores Rodriguez, L.J.,1969,Description Caracteristicas y usos de 25 Maderas tropicales,Mexicanas,Camera Nacional de la Industria de la Construccion Serie Maderas de MexicoForests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentFors, A.J.,1965,Maderas Cubanas,Inst. Nac. Ref. Agraria La HabaraGuyana Forestry Department,1951,British Guiana Timbers - Greenheart (Ocotea rodiaei,British Guiana Forestry Department Leaflet No.2HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Kline, M. 1976. Calycophyllum candidissimum - Degame. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 80-81.Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods LaboratoryKryn, J.M.,1953,Information leaflet Foreign Woods - Degame, Lemonwood (Calycophyllum,candidissmum,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison Report,R1949Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRecord, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. PressRecord, S.J.,1927,Trees of Honduras,Tropical Woods,10, pp10-47Slooten van der, H.J., Martinez, E.P.,1959,Descripcion y propiedades de algunas madeiras Venezolanas,Inst. for Lation Americano de Investigacion y Capaciticion Boletin,Informaturo DirulgaturoSmith, E.E.,1954,The Forests of Cuba,Maria Moors Cabot Foundation,U.S.A. Publication, No. 2Stone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider & Sons Ltd. LondonTakahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Timber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA]Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionU.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72Villamil, F.G.,1971,Maderas Colombianas,Proexpo ColombiaWangaard, F.F., W.L. Stern, and S.L. Goodrich. 1955. Tropical Woods - Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods, Volume V, No. 103. School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series
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