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African crabwood (Carapa procera)
Family: Meliaceae Common names: African crabwood, Agogo, Alla, Andiroba, Asorowa, Bete, Borowa, Bukulo, Carapa, Cedro macho, Chu-nay-dor-kohn, Crabwood, Ditondondo, Dona, Engang, Engany, Gobi, Guiana crabwood, Ibbegogo, Kowi, Kraa-bise, Krapa, Krupi, Krupia, Kundu, Kwaku-bise, Mbukuli, Mbula-ndobi, Mebukulo, Molonkoto, Monkey cola, Mujogo, Mukasa-kumbi, Munangu, Mutongana, Okoto, Sua-bise, Toon-kor-dah, Toon-kor-doh, Uganda crabwood Distributed in: Angola, Belize, Brazil, Cameroon, Colombia, Congo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Peru, Sierra Leone, Suriname, Uganda, Zaire (Africa, Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: Widely distributed in western sections of tropical Africa and extending eastward to Uganda, overlapping in Angola and Zaire with C. grandiflora. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Fine furniture, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture, Harbor work, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Millwork, Mine timbers, Paneling, Piling, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Sporting Goods, Turnery, Veneer: decorative Environment profile: Rare Tree size: Tree height is 20-30 m
Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite, White to yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMedium coarse to coarseand the lusterPronounced
Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Susceptible to marine borer attack Odor: No specific smell or taste
LightInduced Color Change: None Kiln Schedules: Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rather slow
Kiln Drying Rate: Slow (18-28 days for boards < 32 mm, to 52-84 days for boards >= 63 mm)
Drying Defects: Slight spring/bow, Splitting Ease of Drying: Variable results. Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is fluted Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect: Moderate Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance: Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy
Gluing: Glues well Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing: Nails hold poorly, Pre-Boring Recommended Planing: Special attention required Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood Resistance to Splitting: Poor Response to hand tools: Easy to machine
Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Steam bending: Very Good to Excellent Results
Turning: Good results
Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Very Good to Excellent;
Max. crushing strength = high Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = very high Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Hardness (side grain) = soft Hardness (side grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Volumetric = large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = very soft Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low The wood has high density Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBrown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Cooper, G.P., Record, S.J.,1931,The Evergreen Forests of Liberia,Yale School Forestry Bulletin,31,pp1-153Dalziel, J.M.,1937,The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa,Crown Agents for the ColoniesErfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentErfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentForests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentFouarge, J.,1950,Appropriation de Bois Congolais aux Besoins de la Metropole,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.38Fouarge, J.,1953,Bois du Congo,I.N.E.A.C.Hughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished dataIrvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonJay, B.A.,1968,Timbers of West Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesKeay, R.W.J.1989. Trees of Nigeria.Revised Version of Nigerian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Kryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5Monteiro, R.F.M.,1962,Carapa procera D.C.,Min. do Ultramar Junta de Invest. do Ultramar LisbonSallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T.Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Tanzania Forest Department,1960,Cassipourea malosana (Pillarwood,Tanzania Forest Dept. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of TanganyikaVink, A.T.,1965,Surinam Timbers,Surinam Forest Service Paramaribo,3rd rev. ed.Wangaard, F.F., Muschler, A.F.,1952,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 3,Tropical Woods,14(98, pp1-190WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing: Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center (WCMC, Plants Program, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom. |
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