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Silky oakSilky oakSilky oak
Silky oak (Cardwellia sublimis)

Family: Proteaceae

Common names: Australian silky oak, Australian silky-oak, Bull oak, Gold spangled wood, Lacewood, Northern silky oak, Queensland silky oak, Selano, Silky oak

Distributed in: Australia, India, New Zealand (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: Queensland, Australia, especially in the northern coastal areas.

Common uses: Balusters, Baskets, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Brush backs & handles, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Cooperages, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Drum sticks, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Fixtures, Floor lamps, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Food containers, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Moldings, Musical instruments , Musical instruments, Paneling , Paneling, Parquet flooring, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Shingles, Tables, Toys, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative

Product sources: Supplies are adequate for local consumption in Australia, but high shipping costs limit its availability on the U.S. and European markets. When available, they are often sold in 1 inch (2.54 cm) thicknesses by 14 feet (4 m) lengths at very high prices

Environment profile: Status unknown due to inadequate information

Tree size: Tree height is 20-30 m

Colors: the heart isRed, Reddish brownand the sapwoodWhite, White to yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMedium coarse to coarseand the lusterPronounced

Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Susceptible to insect attack

Odor: No specific smell or taste

LightInduced Color Change: Darker

Kiln Schedules: UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5

Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Variable results.

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Silky oak has a striking figure, varying from a small lacelike pattern to a large splashlike figure. It is light and soft, yet firm, strong and tough. The timber is popular as a highly ornamental wood, and is used for furniture, paneling, and similar decorative uses.

Blunting Effect: Medium effect

Boring: Very good to excellent results

Cutting Resistance: Low resistance

Gluing: Satisfactory gluing properties

Mortising: Very Good to Excellent

Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: No pre-boring is required, Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Special attention required

Resistance to Abrasion: Highly resistant to wear

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Response to hand tools: Good response

Sanding: Good sanding qualities

Veneering qualities: Suitable for peeling, Suitable for slicing

Steam bending: Very good

Screwing: Good screw holding properties, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Very good

Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Stains well;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,49
Density 560 kg/m3
Bending Strength 429 669 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 219 399 kg/cm2
Hardness kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 102 kg/cm2
Stiffness 78 90 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Weight 544 448 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 6110 9521 psi
Density 35 lbs/ft3
Maximum Crushing Strength 3126 5684 psi
Shearing Strength 1463 psi
Stiffness 1122 1293 1000 psi
Specific Gravity 0.49
Weight 34 28 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %

Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Weight = moderate
Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Bending strength of the species is considered medium, being much weaker than White oak or Teak in the air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content). Compression strength parallel to grain, or maximum crushing strength, is medium. It is lower in this property than Teak. The weight is moderate. The density is high.

Audas, J.W.,Native Trees of Australia,Whitcombe & Tombs PTY. LtdBoas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, MelbourneBolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. AustraliaCause, M.L., Et al,1974,The Nomenclature, Density and Lyctus - Susceptibility of Queensland,Timbers,Queensland Forestry Department Pamphlet 13Cox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForest Products Newsletter,1946,The properties of Australian timbers - Northern silky oak,Australia C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Newsletter,No.140Francis, W.D.,1951,Australian Rain-forest Trees,Commonwealth of Australia - Forestry and Timber BureauGay, F.J., Et al,1955,Standard laboratory colonies of termites for evaluating the resistance of,timber, timber preservatives and other materials to termite attack.,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.277Harrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingJackson, A. and D. Day.1991.Good Wood Handbook - The Woodworker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood.Betterway Publications, Cincinnati, Ohio.Kaiser, J.Wood of the Month.Lacewood: A Common Name for an Uncommon Wood. Wood & Wood Products, April 1991, Pg. 58.Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kingston, R.S.T., Risdon, C.J.E.,1961,Shrinkage and Density of Australian and other South-West Pacific Woods,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper No.13Kline, M. 1979. Cardwellia sublimis - Lacewood. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 84-85.Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods LaboratoryLincoln, W. A.1986.World Woods in Color.Linden Publishing Co., Inc., Fresno, California.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonStreets, R.J.,1962,Exotic Forest Trees in the British Commonwealth,Clarendon Press OxfordThe Australian Timber Journal & Building Products, Merchandiser,1969,Timber Durability and Preservation,Supplement to Australian Timber Journal 35(4) Tech. Timb. Guide No.8Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.
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